Moon Daa Un, Kim Hyewon, Jung Jin-Hyung, Han Kyungdo, Jeon Hong Jin
Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Dec 17;15:1442991. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1442991. eCollection 2024.
Early age at menopause has been linked to various adverse health outcomes, but its association with suicide risk remains underexplored. This study aims to assess the relationship between age at menopause and suicide risk among postmenopausal women.
This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS), covering 1,315,795 postmenopausal women aged 30 years and above, from 2009 to 2021. Menopausal age was classified as primary ovarian insufficiency (under 40 years), early menopause (40-44 years), average menopause (45-49 and 50-54 years), and late menopause (55 years and older). Suicide incidence was identified using ICD-10 codes for primary cause of death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Across the 12-year follow-up, there were 2,986 suicides. Women with primary ovarian insufficiency exhibited the highest suicide risk (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14-1.78, < 0.001), followed by those with early menopause (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.15-1.50, < 0.001), and those with menopause between 45 and 49 (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.23, < 0.001) compared to the reference group undergoing menopause at age of 50-54.
Early onset of menopause, particularly primary ovarian insufficiency, is associated with a significantly elevated risk of suicide. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and support for women experiencing early menopause. This study highlights the importance of monitoring mental health in postmenopausal women and suggests further research to explore the underlying mechanisms linking early menopause to increased suicide risk.
绝经年龄过早与多种不良健康后果相关，但其与自杀风险的关联仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在评估绝经后女性的绝经年龄与自杀风险之间的关系。
这项回顾性队列研究分析了韩国国民健康保险系统（NHIS）在2009年至2021年期间的数据，涵盖1315795名30岁及以上的绝经后女性。绝经年龄分为原发性卵巢功能不全（40岁以下）、早绝经（40 - 44岁）、平均绝经年龄（45 - 49岁和50 - 54岁）以及晚绝经（55岁及以上）。使用国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）编码确定自杀发生率作为主要死因。采用多变量Cox比例风险模型来估计风险比（HRs）和95%置信区间（CIs）。
在12年的随访期间，有2986例自杀事件。与50 - 54岁绝经的参照组相比，原发性卵巢功能不全的女性自杀风险最高（HR，1.43；95% CI，1.14 - 1.78，< 0.001），其次是早绝经女性（HR，1.31；95% CI，1.15 - 1.50，< 0.001），以及45 - 49岁绝经的女性（HR，1.13；95% CI，1.04 - 1.23，< 0.001）。
绝经过早，尤其是原发性卵巢功能不全，与自杀风险显著升高相关。这些发现强调了对早绝经女性进行有针对性干预和支持的必要性。本研究突出了监测绝经后女性心理健康的重要性，并建议进一步研究以探索早绝经与自杀风险增加之间的潜在机制。
