Zhang Hanzun, Dong Shipeng, Shan Hongwei, Yang Chao, Wang Fang
Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 15;290:117635. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117635. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
Saline-alkaline aquaculture plays a crucial role in the ecological restoration of saline soils, yet high water salinity can significantly restrict the growth of cultured organisms. The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is typically farmed in freshwater, to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on these crabs, this study conducted laboratory aquaculture experiments at salinities of ≤ 0.5 (freshwater), 6, 12, and 18 ‰. Regular data on crab survival and growth were collected over 35 days. Subsequently, tissues including the eyestalk, posterior gill, hepatopancreas, and ovary were sampled from crabs in both the freshwater control group and the 18 ‰ salinity treatment group for transcriptional and metabolomic analysis. The omics data were used to ascertain the physiological mode of action (pMoA) affected by salinity in the crabs. A dynamic energy budget toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (DEB-TKTD) model was built based on these pMoAs to predict the life history traits of crabs across different salinities, including survival, growth, and reproduction. The omics results indicated that at 18 ‰, the osmoregulatory capacity and oxidative stress resistance were enhanced, and vitellogenin synthesis was stimulated. This suggests that the two pMoAs involved increasing maintenance costs and reallocating energy between soma and reproduction. DEB-TKTD model predictions fit well with the observed data, with high R values (0.9704 for survival, 0.9842 for carapace width, and 0.9283 for reproduction) and low NRMSE (0.0093, 0.1175, and 0.0778, respectively). The predictions indicate that after 60 days, survival rates under salinities of 6, 12, and 18 ‰ decreased by 35.7 %, 56.7 %, and 66.2 %, respectively, compared to freshwater conditions. Growth in carapace width was similarly affected, with reductions of 21.5 %, 42.3 %, and 62.5 %, respectively. The maturation process was accelerated for crabs in saline conditions, with puberty achieved at 45, 36, and 31 days, compared to the freshwater group that had not matured. Furthermore, the LC for salinity decreased from 9.07 ‰ (95 % CI: 7.33-10.15 ‰) at 35 days to 4.59 ‰ (95 % CI: 3.12-5.83 ‰) at 60 days. The findings of this study indicate the significant impact of salinity on the survival, growth, and maturation of Chinese mitten crabs by altering maintenance costs and energy allocation. The DEB-TKTD model, informed by omics data, accurately predicts the life history traits of crabs under saline stress. This approach provides an innovative tool for ecological toxicological research in the aquaculture environment.
盐碱水养殖在盐碱地生态修复中发挥着关键作用，但高盐度会显著限制养殖生物的生长。中华绒螯蟹通常在淡水中养殖，为评估盐度胁迫对其的影响，本研究在盐度≤0.5（淡水）、6、12和18‰的条件下进行了实验室养殖实验。在35天内定期收集蟹的存活和生长数据。随后，从淡水对照组和18‰盐度处理组的蟹中采集眼柄、后鳃、肝胰腺和卵巢等组织进行转录组和代谢组分析。利用组学数据确定蟹受盐度影响的生理作用模式（pMoA）。基于这些pMoA建立了动态能量收支毒代动力学 - 毒效动力学（DEB - TKTD）模型，以预测不同盐度下蟹的生活史特征，包括存活、生长和繁殖。组学结果表明，在18‰时，渗透调节能力和抗氧化应激能力增强，卵黄蛋白原合成受到刺激。这表明两个pMoA涉及增加维持成本以及在躯体和繁殖之间重新分配能量。DEB - TKTD模型预测与观测数据拟合良好，R值较高（存活为0.9704，甲壳宽度为0.9842，繁殖为0.9283），NRMSE较低（分别为0.0093、0.1175和0.0778）。预测表明，60天后，与淡水条件相比，盐度为6、12和18‰时的存活率分别下降35.7%、56.7%和66.2%。甲壳宽度的生长也受到类似影响，分别减少21.5%、42.3%和62.5%。在盐碱条件下蟹的成熟过程加速，分别在45、36和31天达到青春期，而淡水组未成熟。此外，盐度的致死浓度（LC）从35天时的9.07‰（95%置信区间：7.33 - 10.15‰）降至60天时的4.59‰（95%置信区间：3.12 - 5.83‰）。本研究结果表明，盐度通过改变维持成本和能量分配对中华绒螯蟹的存活、生长和成熟产生显著影响。基于组学数据的DEB - TKTD模型准确预测了盐胁迫下蟹的生活史特征。该方法为水产养殖环境中的生态毒理学研究提供了一种创新工具。
