Moutinho Sara, Monroig Óscar, Peres Helena, Villena-Rodríguez Andrea, Magalhães Rui, Pulido-Rodríguez Lina, Parisi Giuliana, Oliva-Teles Aires
Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2025 Apr-May;277:111069. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111069. Epub 2024 Dec 30.
The potential of insects as alternative ingredients in animal feeds is well-established. However, limited information is available on the use of insect oils as alternative lipid sources in aquafeeds. To address this, a study was conducted on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles to evaluate the effects of including black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil (HIO). Diets were formulated to include 4, 7.9, and 9.5 % HIO, replacing a vegetable oil blend at 42, 84, or 100 %, respectively. After 70 days, the effects on liver fatty acid profiles, plasma metabolites, and lipid metabolism gene expression were assessed. The results showed that HIO inclusion led to a linear decrease in plasma lipids and triglycerides, while high-density lipoprotein levels increased. The experimental diets also altered the liver's fatty acid composition without affecting total lipid content. There was an increase in the liver's saturated fatty acid content, like lauric acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, like oleic acid. In contrast, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content was reduced, although EPA and DHA levels remained unaffected. Additionally, the content of C16:0 and C18:0 (% of total fatty acids) was higher in the liver than in the corresponding diets. The inclusion of HIO had minimal impact on the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis, transport, and β-oxidation. However, a downregulation of elongation of very long-chain fatty acids proteins 6 and 1b (elovl6 and elovl1b) was observed with increasing HIO levels. Overall, the study indicates that up to 9.5 % HIO inclusion in diets is well tolerated by gilthead seabream juveniles, with minimal effects on plasma metabolites and key gene expression related to fatty acid metabolism. These findings support the use of HIO as a viable alternative lipid source for juvenile gilthead seabream, contributing to the sustainable development of aquafeeds.
昆虫作为动物饲料中的替代成分，其潜力已得到充分证实。然而，关于昆虫油作为水产饲料中替代脂质来源的使用信息有限。为了解决这一问题，对金头鲷幼鱼进行了一项研究，以评估添加黑水虻（Hermetia illucens）幼虫油（HIO）的效果。日粮配方中分别含有4%、7.9%和9.5%的HIO，分别替代42%、84%或100%的植物油混合物。70天后，评估其对肝脏脂肪酸谱、血浆代谢物和脂质代谢基因表达的影响。结果表明，添加HIO导致血浆脂质和甘油三酯呈线性下降，而高密度脂蛋白水平升高。实验日粮还改变了肝脏的脂肪酸组成，但不影响总脂质含量。肝脏中月桂酸等饱和脂肪酸含量以及油酸等单不饱和脂肪酸含量增加。相比之下，n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量降低，尽管二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）水平不受影响。此外，肝脏中十六烷酸（C16:0）和十八烷酸（C18:0）（占总脂肪酸的百分比）的含量高于相应日粮。添加HIO对与脂肪酸合成、转运和β-氧化相关的基因表达影响最小。然而，随着HIO水平的增加，观察到超长链脂肪酸蛋白6和1b（elovl6和elovl1b）的表达下调。总体而言，该研究表明，金头鲷幼鱼日粮中添加高达9.5%的HIO具有良好的耐受性，对血浆代谢物和与脂肪酸代谢相关的关键基因表达影响最小。这些发现支持将HIO用作金头鲷幼鱼可行的替代脂质来源，有助于水产饲料的可持续发展。
