Jin M, Jiang L B
Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology ＆ Visual Sciences, Beijing100730, China.
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2025 Jan 11;61(1):71-76. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20240117-00030.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), as a new type of targeted therapeutic drugs, have demonstrated durable efficacy in cancer treatment. However, some patients receiving ICI treatment may be affected by immune-related adverse events (irAE). Compared with irAE in skin tissues, gastrointestinal system, etc., irAE in the neuro-ophthalmic efferent system are relatively rare. The reported irAE in the neuro-ophthalmic efferent system mainly include myasthenia gravis, orbital extraocular myositis, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy-like conditions, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, Miller-Fisher syndrome, and cranial nerve adverse events. Exploring the possible mechanisms and potential intervention measures of irAE in the neuro-ophthalmic efferent system is crucial for predicting the risk of irAE in patients, formulating preventive measures, and implementing more effective clinical treatments. This review aims to summarize the occurrence mechanisms, clinical features, and prevention and treatment measures of irAE in the neuro-ophthalmic efferent system, so as to assist ophthalmologists and oncologists in the early diagnosis and management of such patients.
免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）作为一种新型的靶向治疗药物，在癌症治疗中已显示出持久的疗效。然而，一些接受ICI治疗的患者可能会受到免疫相关不良事件（irAE）的影响。与皮肤组织、胃肠道系统等中的irAE相比，神经眼科传出系统中的irAE相对少见。报道的神经眼科传出系统中的irAE主要包括重症肌无力、眼眶眼外肌炎、甲状腺相关眼病样病症、核间性眼肌麻痹、米勒-费希尔综合征和颅神经不良事件。探索神经眼科传出系统中irAE的可能机制和潜在干预措施对于预测患者irAE风险、制定预防措施以及实施更有效的临床治疗至关重要。本综述旨在总结神经眼科传出系统中irAE的发生机制、临床特征以及预防和治疗措施，以协助眼科医生和肿瘤学家对这类患者进行早期诊断和管理。
