Lanteri Lindsay, Miller Portia, Votruba-Drzal Elizabeth, Coley Rebekah Levine
Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA.
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2025 Mar;75(1-2):117-129. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12770. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Prior research has assessed the ways in which neighborhoods promote or inhibit children's development but has paid less attention to delineating the particular processes through which neighborhoods are linked to child outcomes. This study combines geospatial data with survey data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Cohort of 2010-2011, a nationally representative sample of kindergarteners followed through 5th grade (N ~ 12,300), to explore how differences in neighborhood resources (parks and services) and stressors (crime and neighborhood disadvantage) are associated with variations in parental inputs-school involvement and provision of out-of-home enrichment activities. Using multilevel models assessing within- and between-family associations, we found mixed evidence concerning how neighborhood features are linked to parental inputs. Considering within-family changes in neighborhood contexts, concentrated disadvantage negatively predicted parental inputs, particularly following a move to a more disadvantaged neighborhood. Results were more consistent between families: concentrated disadvantage was associated with lower school involvement and out-of-home enrichment, while community services and parks were associated with more involvement and enrichment. Neighborhood crime was not associated with parental inputs. Results shed light on methodological limitations of neighborhood effects research and suggest the need for more rigorous methods, such as natural experiments which can capture exogenous changes in neighborhood processes.
先前的研究评估了邻里环境促进或抑制儿童发展的方式，但较少关注描绘邻里环境与儿童发展结果之间联系的具体过程。本研究将地理空间数据与2010 - 2011年幼儿纵向研究幼儿园队列的调查数据相结合，该队列是一个具有全国代表性的幼儿园儿童样本，跟踪至五年级（N≈12,300），以探讨邻里资源（公园和服务）和压力源（犯罪和邻里劣势）的差异如何与父母投入的变化相关联，这些投入包括学校参与度和提供家庭外的丰富活动。使用评估家庭内部和家庭之间关联的多层次模型，我们发现关于邻里特征如何与父母投入相关联的证据不一。考虑邻里环境在家庭内部的变化，集中的劣势对父母投入有负面预测作用，特别是在搬到更弱势的邻里环境之后。家庭之间的结果更一致：集中的劣势与较低的学校参与度和家庭外丰富活动相关，而社区服务和公园则与更多的参与和丰富活动相关。邻里犯罪与父母投入无关。研究结果揭示了邻里效应研究的方法局限性，并表明需要更严格的方法，如自然实验，以捕捉邻里过程中的外生变化。
