Deng Rou, Cui Xiayu, Zhang Runze, Liu Changya, Luo Jielian, Liu Liang, Zhang Wen, Fang Bangjiang
Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 18;15:1452276. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1452276. eCollection 2024.
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response initiated by an infection, which can lead to multi-organ dysfunction. The pathophysiology of sepsis is complex, and treatment options are limited. Traditional antibiotic therapies have shown limitations, such as promoting the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and disrupting the natural microbiota. Consequently, there is a pressing need to explore diverse therapeutic approaches for sepsis management. Extracellular vesicles, which play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, are released by various cell types throughout the body and possess a membrane structure composed of a lipid bilayer. MicroRNAs may be encapsulated within these structures and can be selectively delivered to target recipient cells through the activation of cell surface receptors or via endocytosis and fusion, thereby modulating the biological functions of target cells. The article examines the pathological alterations that happen as sepsis progresses and the biological control of extracellular vesicles and microRNAs in sepsis. This review focuses on the role of extracellular vesicles and their microRNAs on controlling the inflammatory response, macrophage polarization, programmed cell death, endothelial dysfunction, and microcirculatory changes in sepsis. Furthermore, the obstacles encountered by this novel therapy are also examined.
脓毒症是由感染引发的全身性炎症反应，可导致多器官功能障碍。脓毒症的病理生理学很复杂，治疗选择有限。传统抗生素疗法已显示出局限性，例如促进耐药菌的出现和破坏天然微生物群。因此，迫切需要探索用于脓毒症管理的多种治疗方法。细胞外囊泡在细胞间通讯中起关键作用，由全身各种细胞类型释放，具有由脂质双层组成的膜结构。微小RNA可能被包裹在这些结构中，并可通过激活细胞表面受体或通过内吞作用和融合选择性地传递到靶受体细胞，从而调节靶细胞的生物学功能。本文研究了脓毒症进展过程中发生的病理变化以及脓毒症中细胞外囊泡和微小RNA的生物学调控。本综述重点关注细胞外囊泡及其微小RNA在控制脓毒症炎症反应、巨噬细胞极化、程序性细胞死亡、内皮功能障碍和微循环变化方面的作用。此外，还研究了这种新型疗法所面临的障碍。
