Hassan Ahmed Nawzad, Al-Attar Mustafa Saber
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq.
Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq.
Eur J Breast Health. 2025 Jan 1;21(1):52-56. doi: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2024.2024-5-6.
Having good knowledge and performing regular pre-tests under physician supervision play a crucial role in the early detection of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of awareness, frequency of performing routine screening, types of screening methods prior to detection, and who detected the case, among women diagnosed with breast cancer.
A cross-sectional study that used a designed questionnaire applied to investigate demographic data and four other aspects: level of awareness, screening practices, type of screening methods used, and who detected the case for the first time. Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and registered at Nanakali Hospital were included.
A total of 150 women participated. Most of the participants (80%) had no previous knowledge regarding causes, signs and symptoms, or detection methods, while only 20% had little information. Among the participants, most (87.3%) did not undergo any pre-tests before the time of diagnosis, while only 12.7% did pre-test at least once. The screening methods used prior to the diagnosis were: breast self-exam (n=9); ultrasonography (n=8), and only two had mammography. Detecting the case for the first time, 68.7% of the cases were detected by chance or accidentally, and 31.3% were detected by physicians.
The level of awareness and performance of routine screening differ greatly among different populations and countries. Women in Erbil, generally have a low level of awareness and insufficient knowledge regarding breast cancer; most women do not undertake any regular screening for early detection of this cancer compared to Western countries. Having previous knowledge and doing pre-tests regularly play a key role in the early detection of this cancer, which minimizes the consequences.
具备丰富知识并在医生监督下定期进行预检查在乳腺癌早期检测中起着至关重要的作用。本研究的目的是调查乳腺癌确诊女性对乳腺癌的认知水平、进行常规筛查的频率、检测前的筛查方法类型以及首次发现病例的人员。
采用横断面研究，使用设计好的问卷来调查人口统计学数据以及其他四个方面：认知水平、筛查实践、所使用的筛查方法类型以及首次发现病例的人员。纳入在纳纳卡利医院确诊并登记的乳腺癌女性患者。
共有150名女性参与。大多数参与者（80%）此前对病因、体征和症状或检测方法一无所知，而只有20%了解甚少。在参与者中，大多数（87.3%）在确诊前未进行任何预检查，而只有12.7%至少进行过一次预检查。诊断前使用的筛查方法有：乳房自我检查（n = 9）；超声检查（n = 8），只有两人进行了乳房X线摄影检查。首次发现病例时，68.7%的病例是偶然或意外发现的，31.3%是由医生发现的。
不同人群和国家在常规筛查的认知水平和执行情况上差异很大。埃尔比勒的女性总体上对乳腺癌的认知水平较低且知识不足；与西方国家相比。大多数女性没有为早期发现这种癌症进行任何定期筛查。具备先前知识并定期进行预检查在这种癌症的早期检测中起着关键作用，这能将后果降至最低。
