Dellon Evan S, Muir Amanda B, Katzka David A, Shah Shailja C, Sauer Bryan G, Aceves Seema S, Furuta Glenn T, Gonsalves Nirmala, Hirano Ikuo
Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2025 Jan 1;120(1):31-59. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000003194. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus. It is diagnosed in the setting of symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and an eosinophilic predominant infiltrate in the esophagus. The condition is rapidly increasing in incidence and prevalence and is commonly encountered in gastroenterology and allergy practices, emergency departments, and primary care settings. Over the past decade, there have been paradigm shifts in disease diagnosis and management, increases in knowledge about EoE risk factors, natural history, and pathogenesis, and development of validated outcome metrics. This updated American College of Gastroenterology Clinical Guideline uses Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology to make recommendations across domains of diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and assessment of response, and pediatric-specific considerations. Proton pump inhibitors, topical steroids, empiric diet elimination, a biologic, and esophageal dilation are all recommended treatments; feeding therapy is used adjunctively in children with food aversion or feeding dysfunction. Monitoring with clinical, endoscopic, and histologic assessments is recommended to assess for treatment response and follow patients over time with maintenance therapy. When evaluating and following patients with EoE, consideration should be given to assessing and controlling both the inflammatory and fibrostenotic aspects of disease.
嗜酸性食管炎(EoE)是一种食管慢性免疫介导性疾病。它是在出现食管功能障碍症状且食管中有嗜酸性粒细胞为主的浸润情况下被诊断出来的。这种疾病的发病率和患病率正在迅速上升,在胃肠病学和过敏诊疗、急诊科及初级保健机构中很常见。在过去十年中,疾病的诊断和管理发生了范式转变,对EoE危险因素、自然史和发病机制的认识有所增加,并且开发了经过验证的结局指标。这份更新后的美国胃肠病学会临床指南采用推荐分级、评估、制定和评价方法,针对诊断、治疗、监测及反应评估以及儿科特殊考虑等领域提出建议。质子泵抑制剂、局部类固醇、经验性饮食排除、一种生物制剂和食管扩张都是推荐的治疗方法;喂养疗法在有食物厌恶或喂养功能障碍的儿童中作为辅助治疗使用。建议通过临床、内镜和组织学评估进行监测,以评估治疗反应并随着时间推移对接受维持治疗的患者进行随访。在评估和随访EoE患者时,应考虑评估和控制疾病的炎症和纤维狭窄方面。