Dhamanti Inge, Zairina Elida, Nurhaida Ida, Salsabila Salsabila, Yakub Fitri
Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
Center of Excellence for Patient Safety and Quality, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 2;20(1):e0308906. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308906. eCollection 2025.
In primary care, trigger tools have been utilized to evaluate and identify patient safety events. The use of trigger tools could help clinicians and patients detect adverse events in a patient's medical record. Due to a lack of research on the process development of trigger tools in primary care, the purpose of this scoping review is to investigate the trigger development and validation process in primary care settings. A scoping review methodology was used to map the published literature using the Joanna Briggs Methodology of performing scoping review. We considered only studies published in English in the last five years and included both qualitative and quantitative study designs. The final review included five articles. The primary care and combined primary-secondary care studies are included to gain more knowledge in the process development and validation of trigger tools. The trigger tool development process begins with clearly defining the triggers, which are then programmed into a combined computerized algorithm. The validation process was then carried out in two steps by both physician and non-physician experts for content and concurrent validity. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of the final algorithm were critical in determining the validity of each trigger. This study provided a comprehensive guide to developing trigger tools, emphasizing the importance of precisely defining triggers through a thorough literature review and dual validation process. There were similarities in the development and validation of trigger tools across primary care and hospital settings, allowing primary care to learn from hospital settings.
在初级保健中,触发工具已被用于评估和识别患者安全事件。触发工具的使用有助于临床医生和患者在患者病历中检测不良事件。由于缺乏对初级保健中触发工具流程开发的研究,本范围综述的目的是调查初级保健环境中的触发工具开发和验证过程。采用范围综述方法,使用乔安娜·布里格斯范围综述方法对已发表的文献进行梳理。我们仅考虑过去五年以英文发表的研究,包括定性和定量研究设计。最终综述纳入了五篇文章。纳入初级保健以及初级 - 二级联合保健研究,以便在触发工具的流程开发和验证方面获得更多知识。触发工具开发过程始于明确界定触发因素,然后将其编入组合计算机算法。验证过程随后由医生和非医生专家分两步进行,以确保内容效度和同时效度。最终算法的敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值(PPV)对于确定每个触发因素的有效性至关重要。本研究为开发触发工具提供了全面指南,强调通过全面的文献综述和双重验证过程精确界定触发因素的重要性。初级保健和医院环境中触发工具的开发和验证存在相似之处,这使得初级保健能够借鉴医院环境的经验。