IPEM topical report: guidance on 3D printing in radiotherapy.

There has been an increase in the availability and utilization of commercially available 3D printers in radiotherapy, with applications in phantoms, brachytherapy applicators, bolus, compensators, and immobilization devices. Additive manufacturing in the form of 3D printing has the advantage of rapid production of personalized patient specific prints or customized phantoms within a short timeframe. One of the barriers to uptake has been the lack of guidance. The aim of this topical review is to present the radiotherapy applications and provide guidance on important areas for establishing a 3D printing service in a radiotherapy department including procurement, commissioning, material selection, establishment of relevant quality assurance, multidisciplinary team creation and training.