Rojas-Cabeza Jose Felix, Moreno-Cordova Elena N, Ayala-Zavala Jesus Fernando, Ochoa-Teran Adrian, Sonenshine Daniel E, Valenzuela Jesus G, Sotelo-Mundo Rogerio R
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. (CIAD), 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, 22444, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
Acta Trop. 2025 Jan;261:107519. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107519. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
Ticks are significant ectoparasites that transmit a variety of pathogens, leading to serious human and animal diseases, including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, anaplasmosis, and many others. The emergence of acaricide resistance in hard ticks presents a formidable challenge for public health and livestock management, exacerbated by the increasing incidence of tick-borne diseases and associated economic losses, estimated at $20 billion annually in the livestock sector alone. This review examines the mechanisms underlying acaricide resistance, focusing on genetic mutations, metabolic detoxification processes, and behavioral adaptations in tick populations. We detail the role of commercial acaricides in tick control while emphasizing the adverse effects of their overuse, which contributes to the development of resistant strains. Innovative control strategies are explored, including using pesticide synergists that enhance the efficacy of existing acaricides by targeting the tick's phosphagen system. Additionally, this review highlights the importance of understanding the synergistic interactions between various control methods, including non-chemical approaches such as personal protection measures and landscape management. The review concludes by underscoring the urgent need for novel acaricides with new modes of action and implementing regular monitoring practices to combat acaricide resistance effectively. Addressing these challenges is vital for the sustainable management of tick populations and protecting public health and livestock productivity.
蜱虫是重要的体外寄生虫，可传播多种病原体，导致严重的人类和动物疾病，包括莱姆病、落基山斑疹热、无形体病等多种疾病。硬蜱中杀螨剂抗性的出现对公共卫生和牲畜管理构成了巨大挑战，蜱传疾病发病率的上升以及相关经济损失（仅畜牧业每年估计就达200亿美元）使这一挑战更加严峻。本综述探讨了杀螨剂抗性的潜在机制，重点关注蜱虫种群中的基因突变、代谢解毒过程和行为适应。我们详细阐述了商业杀螨剂在蜱虫控制中的作用，同时强调了过度使用杀螨剂的不利影响，这会导致抗性品系的产生。我们探索了创新的控制策略，包括使用农药增效剂，通过针对蜱虫的磷酸原系统来提高现有杀螨剂的功效。此外，本综述强调了理解各种控制方法之间协同相互作用的重要性，包括个人防护措施和景观管理等非化学方法。综述最后强调迫切需要具有新作用模式的新型杀螨剂，并实施定期监测措施以有效对抗杀螨剂抗性。应对这些挑战对于蜱虫种群的可持续管理以及保护公共卫生和牲畜生产力至关重要。
