Ambareesh S, Chavan Pundalik, Supreeth S, Nandalike Rajesh, Dayananda P, Rohith S
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 562157, Karnataka, India.
School of Computer Science and Engineering, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):38. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82635-w.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are imperative to a huge range of packages, along with environmental monitoring, healthcare structures, army surveillance, and smart infrastructure, however they're faced with numerous demanding situations that impede their functionality, including confined strength sources, routing inefficiencies, security vulnerabilities, excessive latency, and the important requirement to keep Quality of Service (QoS). Conventional strategies generally goal particular troubles, like strength optimization or improving QoS, frequently failing to provide a holistic answer that effectively balances more than one crucial elements concurrently. To deal with those challenges, we advocate a novel routing framework that is both steady and power-efficient, leveraging an Improved Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System (IT2FLS) optimized by means of the Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA). This modern framework employs weighted ensemble clustering and matched ensemble choice techniques, facilitating strong cluster formation and resulting in a substantial 98% development in community lifetime, an 80% enhancement in packet delivery ratio (PDR), and a 45% reduction in average power consumption while as compared to current protocols. The IT2FLS model dynamically adapts routing selections by means of assessing key parameters, consisting of dynamic accept as true with factors, node power ranges, course delays, and energy consumption fees, whilst the RSA algorithm exceptional-tunes the bushy common sense club features to make certain most beneficial cluster head choice and reliable multi-hop communication paths. Additionally, our proposed technique complements secure routing by means of efficaciously counteracting the effects of compromised nodes, for this reason maintaining community integrity. Multiple test results show that RSA's enhanced IT2FLS system consistently outperforms new standards. It reduces end-to-end work by 25% and significantly increases productivity. These findings suggest that this robust routing model not only guarantees efficient data transmission and performance. But it also guarantees the stability of the overall network. This research contributes significantly to the WSN field by providing a comprehensive routing solution that integrates energy conservation, security, and QoS, ultimately extending the lifespan of WSNs and boosting confidence in critical applications, paving the way for implementation scenarios that require secure, low-power, and real-time data transmission.
无线传感器网络（WSNs）对于众多应用至关重要，包括环境监测、医疗系统、军事监视和智能基础设施等，然而它们面临着许多阻碍其功能的挑战，包括能量源受限、路由效率低下、安全漏洞、高延迟以及维持服务质量（QoS）的重要要求。传统策略通常针对特定问题，如能量优化或提高QoS，往往无法提供一种能有效同时平衡多个关键因素的整体解决方案。为应对这些挑战，我们提出一种新颖的路由框架，它既安全又节能，利用通过爬虫搜索算法（RSA）优化的改进型二阶模糊逻辑系统（IT2FLS）。这个创新框架采用加权集成聚类和匹配的集成选择技术，促进强大的簇形成，并与现有协议相比，使网络寿命大幅提高98%，数据包交付率（PDR）提高80%，平均功耗降低45%。IT2FLS模型通过评估关键参数动态调整路由选择，这些参数包括动态信任因子、节点能量水平、路径延迟和能量消耗率，而RSA算法对模糊逻辑隶属函数进行微调，以确保最佳簇头选择和可靠的多跳通信路径。此外，我们提出的技术通过有效抵消受损节点的影响来增强安全路由，从而维护网络完整性。多项测试结果表明，RSA增强的IT2FLS系统始终优于新标准。它将端到端工作减少25%，并显著提高生产力。这些发现表明，这种强大的路由模型不仅保证了高效的数据传输和性能。而且还保证了整个网络的稳定性。这项研究通过提供一种集成了节能、安全和QoS的全面路由解决方案，为无线传感器网络领域做出了重大贡献，最终延长了无线传感器网络的寿命，并增强了对关键应用的信心，为需要安全、低功耗和实时数据传输的实现场景铺平了道路。
