Romaszko-Wojtowicz Anna, Dragańska Ewa, Doboszyńska Anna, Glińska-Lewczuk Katarzyna
Department of Pulmonology, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Jagiellońska 78, 10-357, Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Water Resources, Climatology and Environmental Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):450. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84739-9.
Climate change and air pollution are pressing public health concerns, necessitating monitoring of their impact, particularly on respiratory diseases like obstructive lung diseases. This retrospective study analyzed medical records of patients hospitalized at the Warmia and Mazury Centre for Pulmonary Diseases in Olsztyn, Poland (2012-2021) for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Data included meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and levels of PM2.5 and PM10. The Humidex was utilized to assess thermal discomfort, considering various meteorological and thermal seasons. Findings indicated seasonal variability in asthma and COPD exacerbations. During winter, poorer air quality due to higher PM2.5 and PM10 levels correlated with increased exacerbations (r = 0.283, p < 0.05; r = 0.491, p < 0.001). In summer, discomfort from meteorological conditions led to more hospital admissions. Humidex values strongly correlated with admissions for obstructive diseases (R = 0.956 for asthma; R = 0.659 for COPD), with July and August showing statistically higher admission rates (p < 0.05). The study highlights the significant impact of air pollution and meteorological conditions on exacerbations of asthma and COPD, with Humidex serving as a valuable predictor during summer months.
气候变化和空气污染是紧迫的公共卫生问题，因此有必要监测它们的影响，尤其是对诸如阻塞性肺病等呼吸道疾病的影响。这项回顾性研究分析了波兰奥尔什丁瓦尔米亚和马祖里肺病中心（2012年至2021年）因哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重而住院的患者的病历。数据包括气象因素，如温度、湿度、风速、降水量以及PM2.5和PM10的水平。热指数被用来评估热不适情况，同时考虑了各种气象和热季因素。研究结果表明哮喘和COPD急性加重存在季节性变化。在冬季，由于PM2.5和PM10水平较高导致空气质量较差，这与急性加重次数增加相关（r = 0.283，p < 0.05；r = 0.491，p < 0.001）。在夏季，气象条件导致的不适导致更多患者入院。热指数值与阻塞性疾病的入院率密切相关（哮喘的R = 0.956；COPD的R = 0.659），7月和8月的入院率在统计学上更高（p < 0.05）。该研究强调了空气污染和气象条件对哮喘和COPD急性加重的重大影响，热指数在夏季月份是一个有价值的预测指标。
