Toward Fast-Charging and Dendritic-Free Li Growth on Natural Graphite Through Intercalation/Conversion on MoS Nanosheets.

During fast-charging, uneven lithium plating on the surface of commercial graphite anode impedes the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries, causing a safety issue. The formation of a passivation layer, the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), due to side reactions with the organic electrolyte, correlates with long-term cycling performance under fast-charging conditions, necessitating comprehensive analysis. Herein, it is demonstrated that a molybdenum disulfide (MoS) coating on natural graphite (NG) modulates the properties of the SEI layer, enabling reduction of the charging time and the enhancement of long-term cycling performance. MoS spontaneously transforms into LiS and Mo nanoclusters through intercalation and conversion with Li, altering the chemical composition and stability of the SEI layer on the NG, promoting faster Li transport, and reducing interfacial resistance. The MoS-NG anode shows improved fast-charging capability and cycling performance under 3.0 C-charging and 1.0 C-discharging over 300 cycles without compromising energy density. In the full-cell configuration, a charging time of 14.7 min at 80% state of charge is achieved, making it suitable for electric vehicle applications.