Giri Chandra, Long Jordan, Poudel Prapti
Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 47914, USA.
Remote Sens (Basel). 2023 Oct 18;15(20):1-16. doi: 10.3390/rs15205018.
Mangrove forests in developed and developing countries are experiencing substantial transformations driven by natural and anthropogenic factors. This study focuses on the conterminous United States, including Florida, Texas, and Louisiana, where coastal development, urbanization, hydrological pattern alterations, global warming, sea level rise, and natural disasters such as hurricanes contribute to mangrove forest changes. Using time-series Landsat data and image-processing techniques in a cloud computing platform, we analyzed the dynamics of mangrove forests every five years from 1980 to 2020. Each thematic product was independently derived using a region of interest (ROI) suitable for local conditions. The analysis was performed using consistent data sources and a unified classification methodology. Our results revealed that the total mangrove area in the conterminous United States (CONUS) in 2020 was 266,179 ha. with 98.0% of the mangrove area in Florida, 0.6% in Louisiana, and 1.4% in Texas. Approximately 85% of the CONUS mangrove area was found between 24.5° and 26.0° latitude. Overall, mangrove forests in the CONUS increased by 13.5% from 1980 to 2020. However, the quinquennial variation in aerial coverage fluctuated substantially. The validation of 2020 using a statistical sample of reference data confirmed the high accuracy of 95%. Our results can aid policymakers and conservationists in developing targeted strategies for preserving the ecological and socio-economic value of mangrove forests in the conterminous United States. Additionally, all the datasets generated from this study have been released to the public.
发达国家和发展中国家的红树林正经历着由自然和人为因素驱动的重大转变。本研究聚焦于美国本土，包括佛罗里达州、得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州，在这些地区，沿海开发、城市化、水文模式改变、全球变暖、海平面上升以及飓风等自然灾害都促使红树林发生变化。利用云计算平台中的时间序列陆地卫星数据和图像处理技术，我们分析了1980年至2020年期间每五年红树林的动态变化。每个专题产品都是使用适合当地条件的感兴趣区域（ROI）独立得出的。分析使用了一致的数据源和统一的分类方法。我们的结果显示，2020年美国本土（CONUS）的红树林总面积为266,179公顷，其中98.0%在佛罗里达州，0.6%在路易斯安那州，1.4%在得克萨斯州。大约85%的美国本土红树林区域位于北纬24.5°至26.0°之间。总体而言，1980年至2020年期间美国本土的红树林面积增加了13.5%。然而，每年的面积变化波动很大。使用参考数据的统计样本对2020年的数据进行验证，确认准确率高达95%。我们的结果可以帮助政策制定者和保护主义者制定有针对性的策略，以保护美国本土红树林的生态和社会经济价值。此外，本研究生成的所有数据集都已向公众发布。
