Kelecha Yirgalem Tola, Ayele Amanuel Albene, Goda Habtamu Samuel, Demissie Mesarch Hailu, Toma Temesgen Mohammed
Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch College of Health Sciences, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Department of Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 19;12:1462782. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1462782. eCollection 2024.
Gender defined as the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and characteristics that society deems appropriate for men, women, and other gender identities. Inequitable gender norms promote male dominance and aggressiveness while portraying women as being subservient. Ensuring equitable gender norms is a prerequisite for achieving gender equality in a society. The rise in maternal mortality and morbidity, adolescent pregnancies, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions, HIV/AIDS, gender-based violence, and obstacles to reproductive health care are all linked to inequitable gender norms. On the other hand, not much is known regarding inequitable gender norms and their correlation in our setting.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate university students' attitudes regarding inequitable gender norms and responsible factors.
Between October 25 and November 10, 2022, students from Jinka and Arba Minch University participated in an institution-based cross-sectional study.
A total of 635 students were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The Gender Equitable Men Scale was employed to evaluate inequitable gender norms. Data were verified and entered into Epi-Data Version 3.1, then analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0. Binary logistic regression was initially used to identify potential factors associated with inequitable gender norms, variables having a -value <0.25 in bivariate analysis considered for multivariable regression. The final model's fit was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic, confirming its adequacy. Statistical significance was determined at a threshold of < 0.05.
Of the study participants, 44.1% (95% CI: 40.10, 48.10%) had an inequitable gender norm, while the mean score for a inequitable gender norm was 61.4 (SD 8.4). Inequitable gender norm was associated with sex being male (AOR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.19, 2.56), romantic relationship breakup (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.99), and having a negative attitude toward gender equality (AOR = 3,14, 95% CI: 2.15, 4.58).
A notable number of participants expressed support for inequitable gender norms. This underscores the importance of comprehensive efforts by relevant stakeholders to address identified factors and promote equitable gender norms among university students.
性别被定义为社会建构的角色、行为、活动以及社会认为适合男性、女性和其他性别身份的特征。不公平的性别规范助长男性主导和攻击性，同时将女性描绘为顺从的。确保公平的性别规范是在社会中实现性别平等的先决条件。孕产妇死亡率和发病率上升、青少年怀孕、意外怀孕、不安全堕胎、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、基于性别的暴力以及生殖保健方面的障碍都与不公平的性别规范有关。另一方面，在我们的环境中，关于不公平的性别规范及其相关性知之甚少。
本研究的目的是评估大学生对不公平性别规范及其相关因素的态度。
2022年10月25日至11月10日期间，来自金卡大学和阿尔巴明奇大学的学生参与了一项基于机构的横断面研究。
采用多阶段抽样技术共选取635名学生。使用性别平等男性量表来评估不公平的性别规范。数据经过核实后录入Epi-Data 3.1版本，然后使用SPSS 25.0版本进行分析。最初使用二元逻辑回归来识别与不公平性别规范相关的潜在因素，在双变量分析中P值<0.25的变量被纳入多变量回归分析。使用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度统计量评估最终模型的拟合情况，确认其适用性。以P < 0.05为阈值确定统计学显著性。
在研究参与者中，44.1%（95%置信区间：40.10，48.10%）具有不公平的性别规范，而不公平性别规范的平均得分为61.4（标准差8.4）。不公平的性别规范与男性性别（比值比=1.75，95%置信区间：1.19，2.56）、恋爱关系破裂（比值比=2.10，95%置信区间：1.14，3.99）以及对性别平等持消极态度（比值比=3.14，95%置信区间：2.15，4.58）相关。
相当数量的参与者表示支持不公平的性别规范。这凸显了相关利益攸关方做出全面努力以解决已识别因素并在大学生中促进公平性别规范的重要性。
