Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Sociol Health Illn. 2020 Feb;42(2):407-422. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13008. Epub 2019 Dec 13.
Two streams of theory and practice on gender equity have begun to elide. The first is work conducted to change social norms, particularly using theory that emerged from studies in social psychology. The second is work done on gender norms, emerging historically from feminist scholars working to counter gender inequality. As these two streams of work intersect, conceptual clarity is needed to understand differences and similarities between these two traditions. Increased clarity will improve efforts to address harmful norms and practices. In this article, we review similarities and differences between social and gender norms, reviewing the history of the concepts and identifying key tension points of contrast. We identified six areas of comparison that might be helpful for practitioners working for the promotion of global health as they make sense of social and gender norms. We then offer a definition of gender norms for practitioners and researchers working at the intersection between these two theories. Our definition draws from the two different streams of thought of how norms influence people's actions, acknowledging the double nature of gender norms: beliefs nested in people's minds and embedded in institutions that profoundly affect health-related behaviours and shape differential access to health services.
关于性别平等的理论和实践已经开始融合。第一个是旨在改变社会规范的工作，特别是利用社会心理学研究中出现的理论。第二个是关于性别规范的工作，它历史上源于女权主义学者为反对性别不平等而进行的研究。随着这两条工作线的交叉，需要明确的概念来理解这两种传统之间的差异和相似之处。增加清晰度将有助于努力解决有害规范和做法。在本文中，我们回顾了社会规范和性别规范之间的异同，回顾了这些概念的历史，并确定了对比的关键紧张点。我们确定了六个比较领域，对于从事促进全球健康工作的实践者来说，可能有助于他们理解社会和性别规范。然后，我们为在这两种理论之间交叉工作的实践者和研究人员提供了一个性别规范的定义。我们的定义来自于规范如何影响人们行为的两种不同思想流派，承认性别规范的双重性质：嵌套在人们头脑中的信念和嵌入深刻影响与健康相关的行为并塑造获得卫生服务的差异的机构。
