Zhang Xinyu, Zhou Yian, Liu Zheng, Liu Yang
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2024 Dec 26;68(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s12016-024-09016-z.
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) can have serious consequences as it hinders individuals from detecting important warning signals like smoke, spoiled food, and gas leaks. This can significantly impact their nutritional status, eating satisfaction, and overall quality of life. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease that greatly affects the quality of life and can lead to a decrease, distortion, or complete loss of olfactory ability. There are various tools available for diagnosing OD, ranging from simple screening tests to more detailed and complex methods such as electrophysiological and imaging procedures not available in everyday practice but reserved for experimental studies. The underlying mechanisms by which AR impacts olfactory ability are still not fully understood and are likely to be multifactorial. Current therapeutic options for OD resulting from AR are limited and only provide partial or temporary relief from olfactory impairment. However, there are promising treatments investigated such as biologics, olfactory training, neural stem cell transplantation, and various novel target therapies that might help improve OD in AR in the future. This review aims to evaluate the epidemiology, mechanisms, and detection of OD in AR, as well as provide an overview of the management strategies for OD secondary to AR.
嗅觉功能障碍（OD）会产生严重后果，因为它会妨碍个体察觉诸如烟雾、变质食物和煤气泄漏等重要警示信号。这会显著影响他们的营养状况、饮食满意度及整体生活质量。变应性鼻炎（AR）是一种常见疾病，极大地影响生活质量，并可导致嗅觉能力下降、扭曲或完全丧失。有多种工具可用于诊断OD，从简单的筛查测试到更详细、复杂的方法，如电生理和成像程序，但这些方法并非日常实践中可用，而是留作实验研究之用。AR影响嗅觉能力的潜在机制仍未完全明了，可能是多因素的。目前由AR导致的OD的治疗选择有限，只能部分或暂时缓解嗅觉障碍。然而，正在研究一些有前景的治疗方法，如生物制剂、嗅觉训练、神经干细胞移植以及各种新型靶向疗法，这些可能有助于未来改善AR患者的OD。本综述旨在评估AR中OD的流行病学、机制和检测方法，并概述继发于AR的OD的管理策略。
