Úbeda Miquel, Villa-Cordero Vanesa, González-Rodríguez Agustín, Andrés-Cabello Sergio, Perez-Urdiales Iratxe, Jiménez-Lasserrotte María Del Mar, Pastor-Bravo Mar, Briones-Vozmediano Erica
Department and Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
Department of Health Sciences, Gimbernat University Schools, Barcelona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 3;20(1):e0307578. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307578. eCollection 2025.
In Spain, the agricultural sector relies heavily on migrant workers, especially during seasonal seasons. However, these workers face significant challenges related to precarious working conditions and structural vulnerability, which have become more acute since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive qualitative study was based on 87 personal interviews with health and social professionals from sectors such as NGOs, social services, trade unions, local institutions, and health services to promote compliance with these measures in four Spanish regions. It explored the difficulties faced by migrant agricultural workers in complying with prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the measures taken by organizations and public institutions and the health consequences of the pandemic on this group. After a reflexive thematic analysis, the results show how to mitigate the pandemic's impact, both local authorities and NGOs implemented extraordinary measures to care for migrant farm workers. Responses to the pandemic included temporary housing, mass testing, and stricter labor regulations. Working conditions, constant mobility, precarious housing, and language barriers contributed to the difficulty of implementing preventive measures. Covid-19 intensified inequalities and highlighted the lack of preparedness of institutions to deal with this group. The conclusions suggest that intercultural competence in health professional training and the creation of inclusive approaches to health and social care are critical to addressing health disparities and ensuring the well-being of all migrant farm workers, regardless of their migration status or mobility.
在西班牙，农业部门严重依赖外来务工人员，尤其是在农忙季节。然而，这些工人面临着与不稳定工作条件和结构性脆弱性相关的重大挑战，自新冠疫情爆发以来，这些挑战变得更加严峻。这项描述性定性研究基于对来自非政府组织、社会服务机构、工会、地方机构和卫生服务等部门的87名健康和社会专业人士的个人访谈，以促进西班牙四个地区对这些措施的遵守。它探讨了流动农业工人在新冠疫情期间遵守预防措施所面临的困难、组织和公共机构采取的措施以及疫情对这一群体的健康影响。经过反思性主题分析，结果表明，为减轻疫情影响，地方当局和非政府组织都实施了特别措施来照顾流动农场工人。应对疫情的措施包括临时住房、大规模检测和更严格的劳动法规。工作条件、频繁流动、不稳定的住房和语言障碍导致了预防措施实施的困难。新冠疫情加剧了不平等，并凸显了机构在应对这一群体方面的准备不足。结论表明，卫生专业培训中的跨文化能力以及创建包容性的健康和社会护理方法对于解决健康差距和确保所有流动农场工人的福祉至关重要，无论他们的移民身份或流动性如何。
