Hao Xiaoxia, Liu Kai, Zhu Li, Rong Li, Jiang Dongmei, Bai Lin
Lab of Animal Ecology and Environmental Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jan 10;959:178332. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178332. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Organic fertilizers were produced through maggot-composting (MC) and natural composting (NC) using swine manure, and the migration, contamination, and health risks of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb) were evaluated within a fertilizer - soil - ryegrass - Rex rabbit system. After 70 days of treatment, heavy metals were concentrated by 43.23 % to 100 % in MC and 52.82 % to 90.91 % in NC, higher concentration rate was observed in Cr and Cu in NC. The residual fractions of Zn, Cu, CD, Cr, Pb increased by 0.4 % to 30.2 % in MC, and 3.4 % to 29.7 % in NC. More stable forms of Zn, Cr, and Cu were observed in NC, whereas Pb showed greater stability in MC. Post-fertilization, statistically higher levels of the five elements were obtained in NC treatment. Even their concentrations decreased in the soil, however, high initial background levels caused Cr and Zn to exceed standard thresholds in both treatments. Despite this, the geo-accumulation index (I) and pollution load index (PLI) below 1, did not indicate a pollution risk. Cr levels exceeded feed limits in both roots and leaves, although the low BCF value in roots suggested limited risk. In rabbits fed with 48 % ryegrass, significantly higher levels of Zn and Cu were detected in NC, with elevated Cr levels posed moderate to severe pollution risks in two treatments. Health risk assessments, including non-carcinogenic (HQ) and carcinogenic risks (CR), revealed Cr was the most cautionary element for both children and adults, even no significant carcinogenic risk exist. These findings provide key insights into mitigating heavy metal contamination from animal waste to rabbit meat.
采用猪粪通过蝇蛆堆肥（MC）和自然堆肥（NC）的方式生产有机肥料，并在肥料 - 土壤 - 黑麦草 - 獭兔系统中评估重金属（锌、铜、镉、铬、铅）的迁移、污染及健康风险。处理70天后，重金属在MC中的富集率为43.23%至100%，在NC中的富集率为52.82%至90.91%，NC中铬和铜的富集率更高。锌、铜、镉、铬、铅的残留组分在MC中增加了0.4%至30.2%，在NC中增加了3.4%至29.7%。NC中锌、铬和铜的形态更稳定，而铅在MC中表现出更高的稳定性。施肥后，NC处理中这五种元素的含量在统计学上更高。尽管它们在土壤中的浓度有所下降，但高初始背景水平导致两种处理中的铬和锌均超过标准阈值。尽管如此，地累积指数（I）和污染负荷指数（PLI）均低于1，表明不存在污染风险。铬在根和叶中的含量均超过饲料限量，尽管根中的生物富集系数（BCF）值较低，表明风险有限。在喂食48%黑麦草的兔子中，NC中锌和铜的含量显著更高，两种处理中铬含量的升高都带来了中度至重度的污染风险。健康风险评估，包括非致癌风险（HQ）和致癌风险（CR），显示铬对儿童和成人都是最需警惕的元素，尽管不存在显著的致癌风险。这些发现为减轻动物粪便到兔肉的重金属污染提供了关键见解。
