Cancela-Carral Jose M, Bezerra Pedro, Lopez-Rodriguez Adriana, Silva Bruno
HealthyFit Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Sergas UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.
Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University de Vigo, A Xunqueira Campus, Pontevedra, Spain.
Sports Health. 2025 Jan 3:19417381241303706. doi: 10.1177/19417381241303706.
Exercise and its effect on cardiovascular diseases have been extensively studied in the elderly population. The difference in blood pressure (BP) between fit and unfit subjects can be >5 mmHg. It is not well established whether the positive effects of exercising on BP are associated with exercise type, be it aerobic or anaerobic (maximal muscle strength).
Anaerobic training (maximal muscle strength) causes greater improvements than aerobic training on BP in active older adults.
Clinical trial.
Level 4.
This clinical trial was carried out with 202 participants (n = 116 aerobic program [ABPG], n = 86 strength program [SBPG]; 58.05% female; age 67.61 ± 5.01 years). The training program was carried out between 2018 and 2021. Periodic evaluations of BP (systolic BP [SBP] and diastolic BP [DBP]) were conducted with a frequency of twice per year. BP comparisons were made by using 2 × 2 analysis of variance with repeated measurements over the course of the 4 years of the project.
Throughout the training program, SBPG showed significant and consistent improvements in both SBP and DBP ( < 0.01). On the other hand, the ABPG reported a significant initial improvement ( < 0.01), which was not repeated in subsequent years. BP monitoring carried out over the 4 years showed a decrease in DBP and SBP, with this decrease being more pronounced in SBPG. However, the differences between the groups were not significant (2021; DBP, = 1.227; = 0.27; SBP, = 0.826, = 0.36).
Among persons aged ≥65 years, muscle strength training programs appear to be more effective in inducing exercise-related positive changes in BP and cardiovascular risk factors compared with aerobic exercise programs.
Muscle strength training programs result in favorable changes in BP and cardiovascular risk factors.
运动及其对心血管疾病的影响在老年人群中已得到广泛研究。健康与不健康受试者之间的血压差异可能大于5 mmHg。运动对血压的积极影响是否与运动类型（有氧或无氧运动，即最大肌肉力量训练）相关尚不清楚。
在活跃的老年人中，无氧训练（最大肌肉力量训练）对血压的改善比有氧训练更大。
临床试验。
4级。
本临床试验纳入了202名参与者（n = 116名参加有氧训练项目[ABPG]，n = 86名参加力量训练项目[SBPG]；女性占58.05%；年龄67.61±5.01岁）。训练项目于2018年至2021年期间进行。每年定期测量血压（收缩压[SBP]和舒张压[DBP]）两次。在项目的4年期间，通过重复测量的2×2方差分析对血压进行比较。
在整个训练项目中，SBPG的SBP和DBP均有显著且持续的改善（P<0.01）。另一方面，ABPG报告了显著的初始改善（P<0.01），但在随后几年中未重复出现。4年的血压监测显示DBP和SBP下降，且SBPG的下降更为明显。然而，两组之间的差异不显著（2021年；DBP，F = 1.227，P = 0.27；SBP，F = 0.826，P = 0.36）。
在≥65岁的人群中，与有氧运动项目相比，肌肉力量训练项目在引起与运动相关的血压和心血管危险因素的积极变化方面似乎更有效。
肌肉力量训练项目可导致血压和心血管危险因素的有利变化。
