Li Wenjing, Zeng Yongwei, Zhong Jiayu, Hu Youyu, Xiong Xia, Zhou Yingshun, Fu Li
Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Apr;17(2):557-568. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10443-9. Epub 2025 Jan 4.
Probiotics exert a diverse range of immunomodulatory effects on the human gut immune system. These mechanisms encompass strengthening the intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibiting pathogen adhesion and colonization, stimulating immune modulation, and fostering the production of beneficial substances. As a result, probiotics hold significant potential in the prevention and treatment of various conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. A pivotal mechanism by which probiotics achieve these effects is through modulating the expression of host miRNAs. miRNAs, non-coding RNA molecules, are vital regulators of fundamental biological processes like cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. By interacting with mRNAs, miRNAs can either promote their degradation or repress their translation, thereby regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally and modulating the immune system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how probiotics modulate gut immune responses by altering miRNA expression levels, both upregulating and downregulating specific miRNAs. It further delves into how this modulation impacts the host's resistance to pathogens and susceptibility to diseases, offering a theoretical foundation and practical insights for the clinical utilization of probiotics in disease prevention and therapy.
益生菌对人体肠道免疫系统具有多种免疫调节作用。这些机制包括加强肠道黏膜屏障、抑制病原体黏附和定植、刺激免疫调节以及促进有益物质的产生。因此，益生菌在预防和治疗包括炎症性肠病和结直肠癌在内的各种疾病方面具有巨大潜力。益生菌实现这些作用的一个关键机制是通过调节宿主微小RNA（miRNA）的表达。miRNA是非编码RNA分子，是细胞生长、分化和凋亡等基本生物学过程的重要调节因子。通过与信使核糖核酸（mRNA）相互作用，miRNA可以促进其降解或抑制其翻译，从而在转录后调节基因表达并调节免疫系统。本综述全面概述了益生菌如何通过改变miRNA表达水平来调节肠道免疫反应，包括上调和下调特定的miRNA。它进一步深入探讨了这种调节如何影响宿主对病原体的抵抗力和对疾病的易感性，为益生菌在疾病预防和治疗中的临床应用提供了理论基础和实践见解。
