Kaul RajReni, Leidner Andrew J, Chesson Harrell W
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, USA.
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, USA.
Vaccine. 2025 Feb 15;47:126667. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126667. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
Economic models assessing vaccinations commonly assume that inflation-adjusted vaccine costs are constant over time. This study assessed this assumption using historical vaccine cost data.
Private sector and CDC contracted vaccine cost data (2001-2023) were collected from the CDC Vaccine Price List and converted to US$2023 to adjust for inflation. Trends in inflation-adjusted costs were described, and the annual percent changes in costs were calculated for each vaccine.
Changes in cost varied by vaccine. The average inflation-adjusted private sector costs increased by 0.9 % (IQR: -0.4 %-2.6 %) and 1.4 % (IQR: -0.4 %-3.2 %) annually among pediatric and adult vaccines, respectively, while CDC contracted costs increased by 0.9 % (IQR: 0.2 %-1.2 %) and 1.0 % (IQR: -0.8 %-2.1 %) annually among pediatric and adult vaccines, respectively.
Inflation-adjusted vaccine costs increased on average since 2001, highlighting limitations of constant cost assumptions. These findings can inform cost-effectiveness analyses of multi-year vaccination programs and policies.
评估疫苗接种的经济模型通常假定经通胀调整后的疫苗成本随时间保持不变。本研究使用历史疫苗成本数据对这一假设进行了评估。
从美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）疫苗价格列表中收集了私营部门和CDC签约的疫苗成本数据（2001 - 2023年），并换算为2023年的美元价值以调整通胀因素。描述了经通胀调整后的成本趋势，并计算了每种疫苗成本的年度百分比变化。
成本变化因疫苗而异。在儿科疫苗和成人疫苗中，经通胀调整后的私营部门平均成本每年分别增长0.9%（四分位距：-0.4% - 2.6%）和1.4%（四分位距：-0.4% - 3.2%），而CDC签约成本在儿科疫苗和成人疫苗中每年分别增长0.9%（四分位距：0.2% - 1.2%）和1.0%（四分位距：-0.8% - 2.1%）。
自2001年以来，经通胀调整后的疫苗成本平均有所增加，凸显了成本恒定假设的局限性。这些发现可为多年期疫苗接种计划和政策的成本效益分析提供参考。
