Chen Weiwei, Messonnier Mark, Zhou Fangjun
Department of Health Policy and Management, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Health Econ. 2018 Feb;27(2):252-265. doi: 10.1002/hec.3539. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
Vaccine purchase cost has grown substantially over the last few decades. A closer look at vaccine prices reveals that not all vaccines shared the same increasing pattern. Various factors, such as vaccine attributes, competition, and supply shortages, could relate to price changes. In this study, we examined whether a variety of factors influenced the prices of noninfluenza childhood vaccines purchased in the public sector from 1996 to 2014. The association differed among price-capped vaccines and combination vaccines. There was an increasing time trend in real prices for non-price-capped vaccines, which was mostly offset by the effect of market longevity. The effect of competition in lowering prices was more pronounced among non-price-capped vaccines when manufacturer and vaccine component fixed effects were excluded. Supply shortage, manufacturer name change, and number of vaccine doses in series showed no effect. The results may help policy makers better understand price behaviors and make more informed decisions in vaccine planning and financing.
在过去几十年里，疫苗采购成本大幅增长。仔细研究疫苗价格会发现，并非所有疫苗都呈现相同的增长模式。各种因素，如疫苗属性、竞争和供应短缺，可能与价格变化有关。在本研究中，我们考察了1996年至2014年期间，多种因素是否影响了公共部门购买的非流感儿童疫苗的价格。价格上限疫苗和联合疫苗之间的关联有所不同。无价格上限疫苗的实际价格呈上升趋势，而这一趋势大多被市场寿命的影响所抵消。在排除制造商和疫苗成分固定效应后，竞争对降低价格的影响在无价格上限疫苗中更为明显。供应短缺、制造商名称变更以及系列疫苗剂量数量均未显示出影响。这些结果可能有助于政策制定者更好地理解价格行为，并在疫苗规划和融资方面做出更明智的决策。
