Alvarado-Facundo Esmeralda, Herrup Rachel, Wang Wei, Colombo Rhonda E, Collins Limone, Ganesan Anuradha, Hrncir David, Lalani Tahaniyat, Markelz Ana Elizabeth, Maves Ryan C, McClenathan Bruce, Mende Katrin, Richard Stephanie A, Schmidt Kat, Schofield Christina, Seshadri Srihari, Spooner Christina, Coles Christian L, Burgess Timothy H, Weiss Carol D, Eichelberger Maryna
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Vaccine. 2025 Feb 6;46:126669. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126669. Epub 2025 Jan 5.
Neuraminidase (NA)-specific antibodies contribute to immunity against influenza. While studies have demonstrated increased NA inhibiting (NAI) antibody titers after vaccination with egg-derived inactivated influenza vaccines (eIIV), the response to cell culture-derived (c) IIV has not been reported.
An immunogenicity sub-study was performed within a clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of egg, cell, and recombinant hemagglutinin (HA)-derived influenza vaccines during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 influenza seasons. NAI and neutralizing antibody titers against the A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) components of the vaccines were measured in pre- and post-vaccination sera.
Responses to the N1 component of eIIV and cIIV were different in both study years 1 and 2 whereas response rate and antibody titers to the N2 component of egg and cell culture-derived vaccines were similar. For example, 43.5 % of eIIV and no cIIV recipients had four-fold NAI titer increases in year 1. There was a weak positive correlation between responses to N1 and N2 for both vaccine types but no correlation between NAI and HA-specific neutralizing antibody responses. Recombinant HA vaccine that does not contain NA served as a specificity control; NAI antibody titers did not increase in recipients except in two individuals presumed to have subclinical infection.
Antibody responses to NA following vaccination with eIIV and cIIV were not the same; although the responses to the N1 and N2 components of eIIV were similar, there were fewer responders to N1 than N2 of cIIV. Studies to determine the impact of NA immunity on influenza vaccine effectiveness are warranted.
神经氨酸酶（NA）特异性抗体有助于抵抗流感。虽然研究表明接种鸡蛋衍生的灭活流感疫苗（eIIV）后NA抑制（NAI）抗体滴度增加，但对细胞培养衍生的（c）IIV的反应尚未见报道。
在一项临床试验中进行了一项免疫原性亚研究，比较了鸡蛋、细胞和重组血凝素（HA）衍生的流感疫苗在2018 - 2019年和2019 - 2020年流感季节的有效性。在接种疫苗前后的血清中测量针对疫苗的A（H1N1）pdm09和A（H3N2）成分的NAI和中和抗体滴度。
在第1年和第2年的研究中，eIIV和cIIV的N1成分的反应不同，而鸡蛋和细胞培养衍生疫苗的N2成分的反应率和抗体滴度相似。例如，在第1年，43.5%的eIIV接种者和没有cIIV接种者的NAI滴度有四倍增加。两种疫苗类型对N1和N2的反应之间存在弱正相关，但NAI和HA特异性中和抗体反应之间没有相关性。不含NA的重组HA疫苗用作特异性对照；除了两名推测有亚临床感染的个体外，接种者的NAI抗体滴度没有增加。
接种eIIV和cIIV后对NA的抗体反应不同；虽然对eIIV的N1和N2成分的反应相似，但cIIV的N1反应者比N2少。有必要开展研究以确定NA免疫对流感疫苗有效性的影响。
