Desheva Yulia, Kudar Polina, Sergeeva Maria, Wong Pei-Fong, Shvedova Tamara, Bazhenova Ekaterina, Krylova Evelyna, Kurpiaeva Maria, Romanovskaya-Romanko Ekaterina, Krivitskaya Vera, Kudria Kira, Isakova-Sivak Irina, Stukova Marina
FSBSI 'Institute of Experimental Medicine', Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
Medical Institute, St Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 2;26(15):7476. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157476.
Influenza B viruses, divided into B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages, have not had B/Yamagata isolates after 2020. A study evaluated immunity to influenza B surface antigens hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) in 138 patient sera from 2023 and 23 pairs of sera from 2018 to 2019 vaccine recipients. The phylogenetic tree of the influenza B virus, based on HA and NA genes, shows that the Yamagata lineage evolves gradually, while the Victoria lineage exhibits rapid mutations with short branches. In 2023, mean levels of antibodies to HA and NA of B/Yamagata virus were higher than to B/Victoria, despite no cases of B/Yamagata lineage isolation after 2020. The titers of antibodies to NA of B/Yamagata statistically significantly differed among individuals born before and after 1988. Among patients examined in 2018-2019, neuraminidase-inhibiting (NI) antibody titers before vaccination were higher to B/Yamagata than to B/Victoria, and NI antibodies to B/Victoria and B/Yamagata positively correlated with neutralizing antibodies to B/Victoria virus before and after vaccination. Immunity to B/Yamagata virus was stronger in 2023, despite no isolation since 2020, probably due to the presence of cross-reactive antibodies from B/Victoria infections or vaccinations. Antibodies to NA of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata in 2023 correlated significantly in patients born before 1988, potentially supporting the concept of 'antigenic sin' phenomenon for influenza B viruses. The fact that NI antibody titers to B/Victoria and B/Yamagata correlated with neutralizing antibody titers to B/Victoria may suggest broad cross-protection. Studying influenza B virus NA antigenic properties helps understand the evolution and antigenic competition of HA and NA.
乙型流感病毒分为B/维多利亚系和B/山形系，自2020年后就没有分离出B/山形系毒株。一项研究评估了2023年138份患者血清以及2018至2019年疫苗接种者的23对血清中针对乙型流感病毒表面抗原血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）的免疫力。基于HA和NA基因构建的乙型流感病毒系统发育树显示，山形系逐渐进化，而维多利亚系则呈现出短分支的快速突变。2023年，尽管自2020年后没有B/山形系毒株分离，但针对B/山形病毒的HA和NA的平均抗体水平高于B/维多利亚系。1988年前后出生的个体中，针对B/山形病毒NA的抗体滴度在统计学上有显著差异。在2018 - 2019年接受检查的患者中，接种疫苗前针对B/山形病毒的神经氨酸酶抑制（NI）抗体滴度高于B/维多利亚系，且针对B/维多利亚系和B/山形系的NI抗体与接种疫苗前后针对B/维多利亚病毒的中和抗体呈正相关。尽管自2020年后没有分离出B/山形病毒，但2023年对其的免疫力更强，这可能是由于存在来自B/维多利亚系感染或疫苗接种产生的交叉反应抗体。2023年，1988年以前出生的患者中，针对B/维多利亚系和B/山形系的NA抗体显著相关，这可能支持乙型流感病毒“抗原原罪”现象的概念。针对B/维多利亚系和B/山形系的NI抗体滴度与针对B/维多利亚系的中和抗体滴度相关这一事实可能表明存在广泛的交叉保护。研究乙型流感病毒NA抗原特性有助于了解HA和NA的进化及抗原竞争情况。
