Yurtdaş Depboylu Gamze, Şimşek Başak
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Türkiye.
Appetite. 2025 Feb 1;206:107845. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107845. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality, hedonic hunger, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in early adolescents and to investigate if hedonic hunger would mediate the influence of sleep quality on adherence to the MD.
A total of 786 middle school students (boys, 51%) aged 10-14 years were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Hedonic hunger was assessed with the "Food Power Scale", sleep quality was evaluated with the "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)", and adherence to the MD was assessed with the "Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED)". Anthropometric measurements were performed. Dietary intake was evaluated with a 24-h food consumption record.
Of the adolescents, 63.4% exhibited poor sleep quality, 59.2% had a moderate adherence score to MD, and 31.7% were classified as short sleepers. Adolescents with high hedonic hunger had significantly higher carbohydrates, but lower protein, and fruits. Adolescents with poor sleep quality and short sleep duration showed a lower proportion of daily fruit or fruit juice intake, dairy products for breakfast, daily yogurts and cheese intake, and a higher proportion of sweets or candy. PSQI significantly predicted hedonic hunger (β = 0.13) and KIDMED (β = -0.15). Hedonic hunger significantly predicted KIDMED (β = -0.122; p = 0.005). Adolescents with short sleep duration (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.21-2.39) were more likely to have obesity/overweight.
The results of the study showed that higher hedonic hunger, lower sleep quality, and short duration are important factors associated with low adherence to the MD in early adolescence. It also showed that hedonic hunger mediates between sleep quality and adherence to the MD. Additionally, short sleep duration increased the risks of obesity in early adolescents.
本研究旨在评估青少年早期睡眠质量、享乐性饥饿与地中海饮食（MD）依从性之间的关系，并调查享乐性饥饿是否会介导睡眠质量对MD依从性的影响。
本研究共纳入786名10 - 14岁的中学生（男生占51%）。采用自填式问卷收集数据。使用“食物力量量表”评估享乐性饥饿，用“匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）”评估睡眠质量，用“地中海饮食质量指数（KIDMED）”评估MD依从性。进行人体测量。通过24小时食物消费记录评估饮食摄入量。
在青少年中，63.4%睡眠质量差，59.2%对MD的依从性得分中等，31.7%被归类为睡眠不足者。享乐性饥饿程度高的青少年碳水化合物摄入量显著更高，但蛋白质和水果摄入量较低。睡眠质量差和睡眠时间短的青少年每日水果或果汁摄入量、早餐乳制品摄入量、每日酸奶和奶酪摄入量的比例较低，而糖果摄入量比例较高。PSQI显著预测享乐性饥饿（β = 0.13）和KIDMED（β = -0.15）。享乐性饥饿显著预测KIDMED（β = -0.122；p = 0.005）。睡眠时间短的青少年（OR = 1.70；95%CI = 1.21 - 2.39）更有可能肥胖/超重。
研究结果表明，较高的享乐性饥饿、较低的睡眠质量和较短的睡眠时间是青少年早期MD依从性低的重要相关因素。研究还表明，享乐性饥饿在睡眠质量和MD依从性之间起中介作用。此外，睡眠时间短会增加青少年早期肥胖的风险。
