Vogeley Abigail O, Livinski Alicia A, Dabaghi Varnosfaderani Shahaboddin, Javaheripour Nooshin, Jamalabadi Hamidreza, Kotoula Vasileia, Henter Ioline D, Hejazi Nadia S, Price Rebecca B, Yavi Mani, Walter Martin, Zarate Carlos A, Kheirkhah Mina
Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
NIH Library, Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2025 Feb;169:106003. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106003. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
Understanding how the brain distinguishes emotional from neutral scenes is crucial for advancing brain-computer interfaces, enabling real-time emotion detection for faster, more effective responses, and improving treatments for emotional disorders like depression and anxiety. However, inconsistent research findings have arisen from differences in study settings, such as variations in the time windows, brain regions, and emotion categories examined across studies. This review sought to compile the existing literature on the timing at which the adult brain differentiates basic affective from neutral scenes in less than one second, as previous studies have consistently shown that the brain can begin recognizing emotions within just a few milliseconds. The review includes studies that used electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) in healthy adults to examine brain responses to emotional versus neutral images within one second. Articles of interest were limited to the English language but not to any publication year. Excluded studies involved only patients (of any diagnosis), participants under age 18 (since emotional processing can differ between adults and younger individuals), non-passive tasks, low temporal resolution techniques, time intervals over one second, and animals. Of the 3045 screened articles, 19 met these criteria. Despite the variations between studies, the earliest onset for heightened brain responses to basic affective scenes compared to neutral ones was most commonly observed within the 250-300 ms time window. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to synthesize data on the timing of brain differentiation between emotional and neutral scenes in healthy adults.
了解大脑如何区分情感场景和中性场景对于推进脑机接口、实现实时情绪检测以做出更快、更有效的反应以及改善抑郁症和焦虑症等情绪障碍的治疗至关重要。然而，由于研究设置的差异，如各研究在时间窗口、脑区和所研究的情绪类别方面的变化，出现了不一致的研究结果。本综述旨在汇编现有文献，探讨成人大脑在不到一秒的时间内将基本情感场景与中性场景区分开来的时间点，因为先前的研究一直表明大脑能在短短几毫秒内开始识别情绪。该综述纳入了使用脑电图（EEG）或脑磁图（MEG）对健康成年人进行研究的文章，这些研究在一秒内检测大脑对情感图像与中性图像的反应。感兴趣的文章仅限于英文，但不限出版年份。排除的研究仅涉及患者（任何诊断）、18岁以下的参与者（因为成人和年轻人的情绪处理可能不同）、非被动任务、低时间分辨率技术、超过一秒的时间间隔以及动物。在筛选的3045篇文章中，有19篇符合这些标准。尽管各研究之间存在差异，但与中性场景相比，大脑对基本情感场景增强反应的最早起始时间最常出现在250 - 300毫秒的时间窗口内。据我们所知，本综述是首次综合关于健康成年人中大脑区分情感场景和中性场景时间点的数据。
