Yi Xin, Liu Chun-Yao, Yang Shu-Ting, Zhu Hua, Zhang Ying-Yue, Lv Guang-Ping, Huang He
School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Mar;294:139424. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139424. Epub 2025 Jan 2.
Nucleosides and polysaccharides are the main bioactive ingredients of Cordyceps genus. Nucleosides shows significant differences in different Cordyceps species. However, the differences of polysaccharides have not been decoded. Here, the structure characters of polysaccharides including molecular weight (Mw) distribution, compositional monosaccharides and glycosidic linkage types were compared in C. sinensis (CS), C. militaris (CM), silkworm-hosted C. militaris (SCM) and Cordyceps fermented products (CSF). Compositional monosaccharides including mannose, glucose and galactose, and 1,4-Glcp glycosidic linkage were found abundant in Cordyceps species. Chemometric analysis showed that Cordyceps exhibit significant differences in structural information especially glycosidic linkage types. Besides, polysaccharides in CS and CSF-4 had obviously strong capacity of stimulating phagocytic, NO production and cytokines secretion. Gray relational analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to further investigate the relationship between key polysaccharide structure and immunomodulatory activities. The results indicated that polysaccharides with relatively large number of 1, 4-Glcp and Mw in range of 7.16 × 10 Da-7.99 × 10 Da and 1.43 × 10 D-6.94 × 10 Da probably contributed to its immunomodulatory activities. The chemical and biological evaluation of natural and various cultured cordyceps in this study is useful for understanding and regulating the quality of cultured Cordyceps.
核苷和多糖是虫草属的主要生物活性成分。不同虫草种类的核苷存在显著差异。然而，多糖的差异尚未得到解析。在此，对中华虫草（CS）、蛹虫草（CM）、蚕蛹虫草（SCM）和虫草发酵产物（CSF）中多糖的结构特征进行了比较，包括分子量（Mw）分布、组成单糖和糖苷键类型。在虫草种类中发现甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖等组成单糖以及1,4 - Glcp糖苷键含量丰富。化学计量分析表明，虫草在结构信息尤其是糖苷键类型方面存在显著差异。此外，CS和CSF - 4中的多糖具有明显较强的刺激吞噬作用、一氧化氮产生和细胞因子分泌的能力。进行了灰色关联分析和皮尔逊相关分析，以进一步研究关键多糖结构与免疫调节活性之间的关系。结果表明，1,4 - Glcp数量相对较多且Mw在7.16×10⁴Da - 7.99×10⁴Da和1.43×10⁵D - 6.94×10⁵Da范围内的多糖可能有助于其免疫调节活性。本研究对天然和各种培养虫草的化学及生物学评价，有助于理解和调控培养虫草的质量。
