Wang Tao, Tang Chuyu, De Kejia, Qi Jianzhao, Li Yuling, Li Xiuzhang
State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
BMC Genomics. 2025 Aug 20;26(1):763. doi: 10.1186/s12864-025-11869-3.
is globally recognized for its exceptional nutritional and medicinal properties. Variations in the edible qualities and tonic values of at different harvesting stages remain poorly understood in terms of compositional changes and regulatory mechanisms. Utilizing UPLC-MS/MS and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), this study unveiled discrepancies in metabolite accumulation and gene expression of across various harvesting stages. Metabolomics analysis identified 596 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), primarily enriched in amino acid-related metabolic pathways such as tyrosine, tryptophan, cysteine, and methionine metabolism. The up accumulation of organic acids and derivatives with delayed harvesting led to distinct abundances and compositions of amino acids, peptides, analogs, and fatty acids and conjugates, ultimately influencing the quality of . Transcriptomic analysis revealed 2550 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different harvesting stages, with KEGG-based enrichment analysis highlighting their involvement in amino acid-related activities like tyrosine metabolism and fatty acid degradation. The upregulation of these DEGs in amino acid-related pathways presents a promising target for studying quality. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses indicated potential roles for (), (), (), and () in the synthesis pathways of amino acids, peptides, and their analogs, suggesting a possible indirect association with quality. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the quality formation and metabolic evolution of .
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-025-11869-3.
因其卓越的营养和药用特性而在全球范围内得到认可。关于不同收获阶段的食用品质和滋补价值的变化，在成分变化和调控机制方面仍知之甚少。本研究利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）和转录组测序（RNA-seq），揭示了不同收获阶段的代谢物积累和基因表达差异。代谢组学分析鉴定出596种差异积累代谢物（DAMs），主要富集在与氨基酸相关的代谢途径中，如酪氨酸、色氨酸、半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢。随着收获延迟，有机酸及其衍生物的积累增加，导致氨基酸、肽、类似物以及脂肪酸和共轭物的丰度和组成发生明显变化，最终影响了的品质。转录组分析揭示了不同收获阶段有2550个差异表达基因（DEGs），基于京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）的富集分析突出了它们参与酪氨酸代谢和脂肪酸降解等与氨基酸相关的活动。这些在氨基酸相关途径中上调的DEGs为研究品质提供了一个有前景的靶点。代谢组学和转录组的综合分析表明，（）、（）、（）和（）在氨基酸、肽及其类似物的合成途径中可能发挥作用，表明它们可能与品质存在间接关联。这些发现为品质形成和代谢进化的分子机制提供了新的见解。
在线版本包含可在10.1186/s12864-025-11869-3获取的补充材料。
