Alghauli Mohammed Ahmed, Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen, Aljohani Rola, Almuzaini Sarah, Saeed Musab Hamed
Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen.
Associate Professor of Prosthodontics, Substitutive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia; Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen.
J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Mar;133(3):736.e1-736.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.12.002. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
Different factors affect 3-dimensionally (3D) printed resin products. However, evidence on the effect of the print orientation on resin dental devices is lacking.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of print orientation on the properties and accuracy of 3D printed implant surgical guides, occlusal devices, clear orthodontic retainers, and aligners.
The electronic databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, and Scopus were comprehensively searched in July 2024. A modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was used to judge the included studies, and the data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.4 software program of the Cochrane collaboration by applying an inverse variance analysis (α=.05).
Twenty-six records were included. Complete arch, solid surgical guides with horizontal printing orientation exhibited the highest accuracy (P≤.01). Short-span surgical guides printed vertically showed relatively high accuracy (P≤.05). Hollow or mesh devices might not be affected by orientations. Occlusal device accuracy favored horizontal orientation, but correlated with the technology and materials, while the accuracy of orthodontic aligners revealed controversial findings, assuming the limited impact of orientation on orthodontic aligners. The cytotoxicity of occlusal devices was a material-related biological characteristic and unaffected by orientation. Although flexural strength favors horizontal orientation, conflicting results were observed for physical and other mechanical properties due to several variables.
Horizontal orientation is recommended for printing complete arch surgical guides, while the accuracy of short surgical guides might favor vertical orientation. The physical mechanical properties depend on the printing orientation, technology, material, and printed parts, but horizontal orientation might produce parts with the best mechanical performance.
不同因素会影响三维（3D）打印树脂产品。然而，关于打印方向对树脂牙科器械影响的证据尚缺。
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是评估打印方向对3D打印种植手术导板、咬合装置、透明正畸保持器和矫治器的性能及准确性的影响。
于2024年7月全面检索电子数据库PubMed（MEDLINE）、Cochrane和Scopus。采用改良的《报告试验的统一标准》（CONSORT）声明来评判纳入的研究，并使用Cochrane协作网的RevMan 5.4软件程序通过应用逆方差分析（α = 0.05）对数据进行分析。
纳入26条记录。水平打印方向的完整牙弓、实体手术导板显示出最高的准确性（P≤0.01）。垂直打印的短跨度手术导板显示出相对较高的准确性（P≤0.05）。中空或网状装置可能不受方向影响。咬合装置的准确性倾向于水平方向，但与技术和材料相关，而正畸矫治器的准确性显示出有争议的结果，假定方向对正畸矫治器的影响有限。咬合装置的细胞毒性是一种与材料相关的生物学特性，不受方向影响。虽然弯曲强度倾向于水平方向，但由于多个变量，在物理和其他机械性能方面观察到相互矛盾的结果。
建议水平方向打印完整牙弓手术导板，而短手术导板的准确性可能倾向于垂直方向。物理机械性能取决于打印方向、技术、材料和打印部件，但水平方向可能会生产出机械性能最佳的部件。
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