Du Xin-Yue, Yu Ya-Qi, Yang Jie, Liu Heng-Bo, Yang Jin-Yan
College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Jan 4. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04506-9.
Exposure to vanadium (V) occurs through the ingestion of contaminated water, polluted soil, V-containing foods and medications, and the toxicity and absorption during the small intestine phase after oral ingestion play crucial roles in the ultimate health hazards posed by V. In this study, the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells were selected as an intestinal absorption model to investigate the uptake and cytotoxicity of vanadyl sulfate (VOSO) and sodium orthovanadate (NaVO). Our results confirmed the cytotoxic effects of V(IV) and V(V) and revealed a greater toxicity of V(IV) than V(V) towards Caco-2 cells. Cell viability correlated linearly with V(V) concentration, whereas it exhibited a non-monotonic dose-response curve with V(IV) concentration. Moreover, exposures to V(IV) and V(V) induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. Under experimental conditions, Caco-2 cells exhibited greater uptake of V(IV) compared to V(V). Morphological experiments further substantiated the adverse effects of V(IV) on Caco-2 cells, manifested as alterations in cellular morphology and disruption of cell monolayer structure. In conclusion, these results indicate that V(IV) exerts stronger negative effects on Caco-2 cells, with a more complex mechanism of action. Altogether, studying intestinal cytotoxicity of V provides deeper insights into the potential health risks posed by oral V exposure.
接触钒（V）可通过摄入受污染的水、污染的土壤、含钒食物和药物发生，口服摄入后小肠阶段的毒性和吸收在钒对健康造成的最终危害中起关键作用。在本研究中，选择人结肠腺癌（Caco-2）细胞作为肠道吸收模型，以研究硫酸氧钒（VOSO）和原钒酸钠（NaVO）的摄取及细胞毒性。我们的结果证实了V（IV）和V（V）的细胞毒性作用，并揭示了V（IV）对Caco-2细胞的毒性大于V（V）。细胞活力与V（V）浓度呈线性相关，而与V（IV）浓度呈非单调剂量反应曲线。此外，暴露于V（IV）和V（V）会诱导Caco-2细胞产生氧化应激。在实验条件下，Caco-2细胞对V（IV）的摄取量高于V（V）。形态学实验进一步证实了V（IV）对Caco-2细胞的不利影响，表现为细胞形态改变和细胞单层结构破坏。总之，这些结果表明V（IV）对Caco-2细胞产生更强的负面影响，其作用机制更为复杂。总之，研究钒的肠道细胞毒性有助于更深入地了解口服钒暴露所带来的潜在健康风险。
