Gonzales Alec, Jackson Cullen, Cha Jackie
Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2025 May;125:104463. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104463. Epub 2025 Jan 4.
The need to train non-technical skills (NTS) has seen a growing emphasis in recent literature, as they have been associated with improved patient outcomes. NTS training often utilizes live simulations where healthcare workers can practice these skills, but simulations like this can be expensive and resource intensive to run. Training technical skills using extended reality tools (e.g., virtual, augmented, or mixed reality) has seen a growth in popularity across healthcare domains, however, the use of XR to train specific interpersonal and cognitive skills comprises a smaller part of the literature. As such, this study aims to scope the literature to identify how NTS have been trained through XR-based systems. The specific aims were to identify: 1) which NTS are being trained in healthcare, 2) which modality of XR these skills are being trained in, 3) what specialties are using XR to train NTS in healthcare, and 4) potential areas for future work. Based on consistent search terms for each database, 18,984 articles were initially retrieved, and articles were removed per the screening criteria. Results from the 15 included articles show that the most common NTS construct evaluated was communication (80%), the most common XR modality was virtual reality (80%), and the most common healthcare domain was surgery (46.7%). These articles found that training NTS in XR can lead to comparable, or better, learning outcomes compared to traditional methods. However, future work may look to consider additional NTS in training, improve interaction with XR environments, and measure NTS with XR technology.
近年来，对非技术技能（NTS）培训的需求在文献中日益受到重视，因为它们与改善患者治疗效果相关。NTS培训通常利用现场模拟，医护人员可以在其中练习这些技能，但像这样的模拟运行起来可能成本高昂且资源密集。使用扩展现实工具（如虚拟现实、增强现实或混合现实）来培训技术技能在医疗保健领域越来越受欢迎，然而，使用扩展现实来培训特定的人际和认知技能在文献中占比较小。因此，本研究旨在梳理文献，以确定如何通过基于扩展现实的系统来培训NTS。具体目标是确定：1）医疗保健领域正在培训哪些NTS；2）这些技能是在扩展现实的哪种模式下进行培训的；3）哪些专业在医疗保健领域使用扩展现实来培训NTS；4）未来工作的潜在领域。根据每个数据库的一致检索词，最初检索到18984篇文章，并根据筛选标准剔除文章。15篇纳入文章的结果表明，评估的最常见NTS构成是沟通（80%），最常见的扩展现实模式是虚拟现实（80%），最常见的医疗保健领域是外科手术（46.7%）。这些文章发现，与传统方法相比，在扩展现实中培训NTS可以带来相当或更好的学习效果。然而，未来的工作可能会考虑在培训中纳入更多的NTS，改善与扩展现实环境的交互，并使用扩展现实技术来衡量NTS。
