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人参皂苷Rg1:一种用于多种肝脏疾病的生物活性治疗剂。

Ginsenoside Rg1: A bioactive therapeutic agent for diverse liver diseases.

作者信息

Wu Mingyu, Li Ke, Wu Jiabin, Ding Xianyi, Ma Xiaotong, Wang Wenhong, Xiao Weihua

机构信息

Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.

Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.

出版信息

Pharmacol Res. 2025 Feb;212:107571. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107571. Epub 2025 Jan 3.

Abstract

Diverse liver diseases are characterised by late diagnosis and rapid progression and have become one of the major threats to human health. To delay the transition from benign tissue lesions to a substantial organ injury, scientists have gradually applied natural compounds derived from plants as a complementary therapy in the field of hepatology. Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a tonic traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and natural products, including ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1), which is a kind of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol saponin with a relatively high biological activity, can be isolated from the roots or stems of ginseng. Given these information, this review aimed to summarise and discuss the metabolic mechanisms of G-Rg1 in the regulation of diverse liver diseases and the measures to improve its bioavailability. As a kind of monomer in Chinese medicine with multitarget pharmacological effects, G-Rg1 can provide significant therapeutic benefits in the alleviation of alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, viral hepatitis, etc., which mainly rely on the inhibition of apoptosis, strengthening endogenous anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, activation of immune responses and regulation of efflux transport signals, to improve pathological changes in the liver caused by lipid deposition, inflammation, oxidative stress, accumulation of hepatotoxic product, etc. However, the poor bioavailability of G-Rg1 must be overcome to improve its clinical application value. In summary, focusing on the hepatoprotective benefits of G-Rg1 will provide new insights into the development of natural Chinese medicine resources and their pharmaceutical products to target the treatment of liver diseases.

摘要

多种肝脏疾病的特点是诊断延迟和进展迅速,已成为人类健康的主要威胁之一。为了延缓从良性组织病变向实质性器官损伤的转变,科学家们逐渐将植物来源的天然化合物作为肝病领域的辅助治疗方法。人参(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer)是一种滋补类传统中药,其根或茎中可分离出包括人参皂苷Rg1(G-Rg1)在内的天然产物,G-Rg1是一种具有较高生物活性的20(S)-原人参三醇皂苷。基于这些信息,本综述旨在总结和讨论G-Rg1在多种肝脏疾病调控中的代谢机制以及提高其生物利用度的措施。作为一种具有多靶点药理作用的中药单体,G-Rg1在缓解酒精性肝病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、肝纤维化、病毒性肝炎等方面可提供显著的治疗益处,这主要依赖于抑制细胞凋亡、增强内源性抗炎和抗氧化机制、激活免疫反应以及调节外排转运信号,以改善由脂质沉积、炎症、氧化应激、肝毒性产物蓄积等引起的肝脏病理变化。然而,必须克服G-Rg1生物利用度差的问题,以提高其临床应用价值。总之,关注G-Rg1的肝脏保护益处将为天然中药资源及其针对肝病治疗的药品开发提供新的见解。

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