Tobina Takuro, Nakamine Kaori, Takeuchi Shouhei, Tomiga-Takae Rie, Omagari Katsuhisa, Yamashita Tomoki
Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2024;70(6):490-495. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.70.490.
Carbohydrate-rich solid foods, such as bread, pasta, and steamed rice, are applied for test meals in studies examining digestion and absorption of food related to glucose metabolism and sports science. Such research must consider that drinking water is sometimes better as it avoids the risk of choking or aspiration. However, the water increases test meal volume and dilutes glucose concentration, which may influence the digestion and absorption of ingested foods, as well as energy metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the peak time and concentration of glucose and energy metabolism will differ among the intake of steamed rice alone (Rice), simultaneous intake of steamed rice and water (Mixed), and water alone (Water). Following the intake of the test meals, there was an immediate increase in blood glucose in Mixed compared to Rice and Water. The glucose peak time of Rice (60 (56-68) min; median and quartile) was also delayed compared to Mixed (38 (29-45) min). The blood lactate peak time was also significantly different in Mixed and Rice. Although meal and time interaction was not found in energy expenditure, Mixed increases the respiratory quotient by 40 min compared to Water. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that simultaneous intake of steamed rice and water hasted digestion and absorption of glucose and activates glycolysis. Future studies investigating gastric emptying rate and glucose metabolism should ensure that the conditions of fluid intake and the test meal volumes are consistent and do not differ significantly.
富含碳水化合物的固体食物，如面包、意大利面和米饭，在研究与葡萄糖代谢和运动科学相关的食物消化和吸收时被用作测试餐。此类研究必须考虑到，有时喝水更好，因为它可避免窒息或误吸的风险。然而，水会增加测试餐的体积并稀释葡萄糖浓度，这可能会影响摄入食物的消化和吸收以及能量代谢。因此，本研究旨在调查单独摄入米饭（大米组）、同时摄入米饭和水（混合组）以及单独摄入水（水组）之间，葡萄糖的峰值时间和浓度以及能量代谢是否会有所不同。在摄入测试餐后，与大米组和水组相比，混合组的血糖立即升高。大米组的葡萄糖峰值时间（60（56 - 68）分钟；中位数和四分位数）也比混合组（38（29 - 45）分钟）延迟。混合组和大米组的血乳酸峰值时间也有显著差异。虽然在能量消耗方面未发现餐食和时间的相互作用，但与水组相比，混合组在40分钟时呼吸商增加。总之，本研究表明，同时摄入米饭和水会加速葡萄糖的消化和吸收并激活糖酵解。未来研究胃排空率和葡萄糖代谢时应确保液体摄入条件和测试餐体积一致且无显著差异。
