Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Nutr. 2024 Oct;154(10):2999-3011. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.017. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
Rice and pasta are recommended as healthier than potatoes on the basis of their glycemic index when eaten alone.
The study objective was to evaluate postprandial glycemia (PPG), appetite, and food intake (FI) at meals with potatoes or rice when consumed with either meatballs or their vegetarian substitute.
In a randomized, single-blinded, crossover design, 26 (13 males and 13 females) healthy adults (age: 18-45 y; body mass index [kg/m]: 18.5-29.9) consumed isocaloric fixed amounts of either meatballs or vegetarian-substitute balls with ad libitum access to either baked French fries (BFF), instant mashed potatoes (IMPs), or rice (control). FI was measured at the meal and at an ad libitum pizza meal served 120 min later. Blood glucose (BG), appetite, and plasma insulin responses were measured within the meal (0-30 min), postmeal (30-120 min), within pizza meal (120-140 min), and post-pizza (140-170 min). Effects of protein source, carbohydrate (CHO) source, and sex and their interactions were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test.
Participants consumed 23-25% less treatment meal energy (kcal), 32-34% less CHO energy (kcal), and 13-16% less total energy (kcal) after the BFF and IMP than rice meals (P < 0.0001). Postmeal BG was lower after IMP (6.76 ± 0.15; P < 0.0001) and rice (6.92 ± 0.15; P = 0.0012) compared with BFF (7.19 ± 0.15). Post-pizza BG was higher after rice (6.77 ± 0.09) than that after BFF (6.51 ± 0.09; P = 0.0012) and IMP (6.39 ± 0.09; P < 0.0001). Postmeal meaned insulin was higher after BFF (82.16 ± 8.58) and IMP (77.75 ± 8.60) compared with rice (56.44 ± 8.59; P < 0.002). Insulin during pizza meal was lower after BFF (17.14 ± 6.90) compared with both IMP (39.03 ± 6.90; P = 0.0060) and rice (34.21 ± 6.90; P = 0.0336). Meatballs led to lower BG (6.48 ± 0.09; P = 0.0076) and higher insulin (84.54 ± 5.87; P = 0.0406) post-pizza compared with their plant protein substitute (6.64 ± 0.09 and 73.18 ± 5.87, respectively).
Adults consuming meatballs or plant-based substitute with ad libitum IMP had lower PPG post-treatment and at a later pizza meal compared with rice. Both IMP and BFF resulted in lower energy intake than after rice. This trial was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov (https://register.
gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000CKIJ&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0000IA4&ts=2&cx=-uf51kf) as NCT05610124. Protocol ID: 43406 (Postprandial Glycemia and Satiety of Meals with Potatoes, with and without Protein).
当单独食用时，米饭和意大利面的血糖指数比土豆低，因此被推荐为更健康的食物。
本研究旨在评估当与肉球或其素食替代品一起食用时，土豆或米饭餐后血糖（PPG）、食欲和食物摄入量（FI）。
采用随机、单盲、交叉设计，26 名（13 名男性和 13 名女性）健康成年人（年龄：18-45 岁；体重指数 [kg/m]：18.5-29.9）摄入等量的肉球或素食替代球，并随意食用烤薯条（BFF）、速食土豆泥（IMPs）或米饭（对照）。在餐中和 120 分钟后提供的随意比萨餐后测量 FI。在餐内（0-30 分钟）、餐后（30-120 分钟）、比萨餐内（120-140 分钟）和餐后（140-170 分钟）测量血糖（BG）、食欲和血浆胰岛素反应。使用方差分析和 Tukey 的事后检验分析蛋白质源、碳水化合物（CHO）源和性别及其相互作用的影响。
与米饭餐相比，参与者在 BFF 和 IMP 餐后消耗的治疗餐能量（千卡）、CHO 能量（千卡）和总能量（千卡）分别减少 23-25%、32-34%和 13-16%（P<0.0001）。与米饭相比，IMP（6.76±0.15；P<0.0001）和 BFF（6.92±0.15；P=0.0012）餐后 BG 更低。与 BFF（7.19±0.15）相比，IMP（6.77±0.09）和米饭（6.77±0.09）餐后 BG 更高。与 BFF（6.51±0.09）和 IMP（6.39±0.09）相比，米饭餐后 BG 更高（P=0.0012）。比萨餐后 BG 更高（P<0.0001）。与 BFF（82.16±8.58）和 IMP（77.75±8.60）相比，BFF 和 IMP 餐后平均胰岛素水平更高（56.44±8.59；P<0.002）。与 BFF（17.14±6.90）相比，BFF 期间的胰岛素水平更低（39.03±6.90；P=0.0060）和 IMP（34.21±6.90；P=0.0336）。与植物蛋白替代物相比，肉球在比萨餐后导致更低的 BG（6.48±0.09；P=0.0076）和更高的胰岛素（84.54±5.87；P=0.0406）。
与米饭相比，摄入肉球或植物蛋白替代物并随意食用 IMP 的成年人在治疗后和后来的比萨餐后 PPG 更低。与米饭相比，IMP 和 BFF 导致的能量摄入更低。该试验在 https://register.clinicaltrials.gov 上注册（NCT05610124）。协议 ID：43406（含蛋白质的土豆餐和无蛋白质的土豆餐的餐后血糖和饱腹感）。
