Li Kuan, Gao Yujie, Liu Muxi, Chen Yizhao
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Arts and Social Science, Philosophy Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2024;21(11):791-803. doi: 10.2174/0115672050366767241223050957.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by gradual onset and complex pathological mechanisms. Clinically, it presents with progressive cognitive decline and behavioral impairments, making it one of the most common causes of dementia. The intricacies of its pathogenesis are not fully understood, and current treatment options are limited, with diagnosis typically occurring at intermediate to advanced stages. The development of new biomarkers offers a crucial avenue for the early diagnosis of AD and improving patient outcomes. Several biomarkers with high specificity have been identified. This article reviews biomarkers related to tau protein, β-amyloid, and blood cells to deepen our understanding of AD and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of various biomarkers in order to explore further and mine new biomarkers for AD diagnosis.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征为起病隐匿且病理机制复杂。临床上，它表现为进行性认知功能减退和行为障碍，是痴呆最常见的病因之一。其发病机制的复杂性尚未完全明了，目前的治疗选择有限，诊断通常在疾病的中晚期进行。新生物标志物的开发为AD的早期诊断和改善患者预后提供了关键途径。已经确定了几种具有高特异性的生物标志物。本文综述了与tau蛋白、β-淀粉样蛋白和血细胞相关的生物标志物，以加深我们对AD的理解，并强调各种生物标志物的优缺点，从而进一步探索和挖掘用于AD诊断的新生物标志物。
