Dierickx Serafine, Smits Dirk, Kiekens Glenn, Claes Laurence
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Resilient People, UCLL Research & Expertise, Leuven, Belgium.
Psychol Belg. 2024 Dec 30;64(1):201-213. doi: 10.5334/pb.1327. eCollection 2024.
Self- and other-oriented harmful behaviors are common among emerging adults. Individuals who engage in both forms of behavior, termed dual-harm, experience more adverse outcomes in comparison to individuals who engage in either. This study examines temperamental traits, defined as reactive and regulative temperament, as transdiagnostic factors underlying engagement in self-oriented, other-oriented, and dual-harmful behaviors. These harmful behaviors are operationalized as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), direct aggression, and a combination of both, respectively. Participants are 669 emerging adults (69.36% women; = 21.48; = 2.20). The study focusses on how temperament can differentiate four different groups (i.e., a no-harm, NSSI-only, aggression-only, and a dual-harm group) in a pairwise manner. Results highlight a hyper-reactive Behavioral inhibitions system (BIS) and a hypo-reactive Behavioral activation system (BAS)-Impulsivity in individuals who engage in NSSI-only, compared to no-harm and aggression-only. Conversely, we found a hypo-reactive BIS and a hyper-reactive BAS-Impulsivity in those who report aggressive behaviors, compared to no-harm and NSSI-only. Finally, a hypo-reactive Effortful control (EC) is found in the dual-harm group, when compared to those engaging only in NSSI, and hyper-reactive BIS and BAS-Impulsivity are found in the dual-harm group, when compared to those engaging only in aggressive behaviors, or those engaging in neither behaviors. This study highlights the role of temperamental traits in differentiating patterns of self-oriented, other-oriented, and dual-harmful behaviors, which should be integrated in future research and clinical interventions.
自我导向和他人导向的有害行为在青少年中很常见。同时参与这两种行为（即双重伤害）的个体，与只参与其中一种行为的个体相比，会经历更多不良后果。本研究考察了气质特质，将其定义为反应性气质和调节性气质，作为参与自我导向、他人导向和双重伤害行为的跨诊断因素。这些有害行为分别被操作化为非自杀性自伤（NSSI）、直接攻击行为以及两者的结合。参与者为669名青少年（69.36%为女性；平均年龄 = 21.48岁；标准差 = 2.20）。该研究聚焦于气质如何以两两比较的方式区分四个不同的组（即无伤害组、仅NSSI组、仅攻击行为组和双重伤害组）。结果显示，与无伤害组和仅攻击行为组相比，仅参与NSSI的个体具有高反应性的行为抑制系统（BIS）和低反应性的行为激活系统（BAS）-冲动性。相反，与无伤害组和仅NSSI组相比，报告有攻击行为的个体具有低反应性的BIS和高反应性的BAS-冲动性。最后，与仅参与NSSI的个体相比，双重伤害组中发现了低反应性的努力控制（EC）；与仅参与攻击行为的个体或既不参与任何一种行为的个体相比，双重伤害组中发现了高反应性BIS和BAS-冲动性。本研究强调了气质特质在区分自我导向、他人导向和双重伤害行为模式中的作用，这应在未来研究和临床干预中加以整合。
