Afonso Sílvia, Oliveira Ivo, Guedes Francisco, Meyer Anne S, Gonçalves Berta
Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Dec 20;15:1467376. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1467376. eCollection 2024.
Sweet cherry is a high-value crop, and strategies to enhance production and sustainability are at the forefront of research linked to this crop. The improvement of plant status is key to achieving optimum yield. Biostimulants, such as glycine betaine (GB) or seaweed-based biostimulants [e.g., (EM)], can represent a sustainable approach to improving plant conditions, even under adverse environmental circumstances. Despite their potential, few studies have focused on the effects of GB or EM exogenous application on sweet cherry tree physiology. To address this lack of research, a study was conducted in a Portuguese sweet cherry commercial orchard, using and cultivars. Trees were treated with products based on GB and EM at two different concentrations [GB 0.25% (v/v) and GB 0.40% (v/v); EM 0.30% (v/v) and EM 0.15% (v/v)], a combination of the lowest concentrations of both biostimulants (Mix -GB 0.25% and EM 0.15%), and a control group (C) treated with water. Applications were performed over three consecutive years (2019, 2020, and 2021) at three different phenological stages, according to the BBCH scale: 77, 81, and 86 BBCH. Results showed, in general, that the application of biostimulants led to improvements in water status as well as significantly lower values of electrolyte leakage and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances compared to C samples. Additionally, biostimulants reduced pigment loss in the leaves and enhanced their biosynthesis. The Chlorophyll/Chlorophyll ratio, ranging from 2 to 4, indicated a greater capacity for light absorption and lower stress levels in treated leaves. Soluble sugar and starch content decreased during fruit development in both cultivars and years; however, biostimulants increased these contents, with increments of approximately 15% to 30% in leaves treated with EM. Soluble protein content also showed the same pattern for treated leaves. Biostimulants, especially EM, demonstrated a significant positive effect ( ≤ 0.001) on total phenolic content, with increases of approximately 25% to 50% in treated leaves. In conclusion, the application of biostimulants, especially algae-based, significantly improved tree performance by enhancing physiological parameters and stress resilience and could represent a novel approach in fruit production systems.
甜樱桃是一种高价值作物，提高产量和可持续性的策略是与该作物相关研究的前沿重点。改善植株状况是实现最佳产量的关键。生物刺激素，如甘氨酸甜菜碱（GB）或海藻基生物刺激素[如（EM）]，即使在不利的环境条件下，也可以成为改善植株状况的可持续方法。尽管它们具有潜力，但很少有研究关注外源施用GB或EM对甜樱桃树生理的影响。为了解决这一研究不足的问题，在葡萄牙一个甜樱桃商业果园进行了一项研究，使用了和品种。用基于GB和EM的产品以两种不同浓度[GB 0.25%（v/v）和GB 0.40%（v/v）；EM 0.30%（v/v）和EM 0.15%（v/v）]、两种生物刺激素最低浓度的组合（Mix -GB 0.25%和EM 0.15%）以及一个用水处理的对照组（C）对树木进行处理。根据BBCH量表，在三个不同物候期（77、81和86 BBCH）连续三年（2019年、2020年和2021年）进行施用。结果总体表明，与C组样本相比，生物刺激素的施用改善了水分状况，电解质渗漏和硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质的值也显著降低。此外，生物刺激素减少了叶片中的色素损失并增强了其生物合成。叶绿素/叶绿素比值在2到4之间，表明处理过的叶片具有更强的光吸收能力和更低的胁迫水平。两个品种和年份的果实发育过程中可溶性糖和淀粉含量均下降；然而，生物刺激素增加了这些含量，用EM处理的叶片中增加了约15%至30%。处理过的叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量也呈现相同模式。生物刺激素，尤其是EM，对总酚含量显示出显著的积极影响（≤0.001），处理过的叶片中增加了约25%至50%。总之，生物刺激素的施用，尤其是基于藻类的生物刺激素，通过增强生理参数和抗逆性显著改善了树木性能，并且可能代表了水果生产系统中的一种新方法。
