Rasool Attiya-E, Parveen Warda
Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 23;10(24):e40623. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40623. eCollection 2024 Dec 30.
Nanoparticles have been extensively studied for many years due to their important roles in catalysis, metallurgy and high temperature superconductors. But, Nanoparticles are extremely unstable and easily react with other substances. So, to control the size and the shape of nanoparticles they must be stabilized. Organic Ligands have gain more attention for stabilizing Nanoparticles. In the present work, Nickel Nanoparticles have been synthesized by reduction method and then stabilized by synthesized 5-phenyl triazolidine-thione based organic ligand to achieve larger surface area and good catalytic activity. Stabilized Nickel NPs of different ratios were synthesized for analyzing their catalytic performance against dyes that has become one of the most serious environmental problem causing drastic water pollution. The prepared thione stabilized Nickel nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy. UV/Vis analysis displayed the peak at 236 nm which confirms the metallic Ni NPs formation while, in FTIR peak around 720-750 cm is due to the nickel and sulphur bond stretching vibrations. The size, surface morphology and the quality of the stabilized Ni Nanoparticles were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. SEM images showed uneven morphology with variously sized and shaped particles. Large surface area is visible which is advantageous for catalytic degradation of pollutants. The degradation process was studied by using UV-visible Spectroscopy. The catalytic behavior of stabilized nanoparticles was evaluated by using various parameters i.e. time, concentration and size of NPs. These parameters were optimized during degradation process to get maximum degradation in short period of time. Maximum percentage degradation of Methylene blue, Methyl Orange and Rhodamine B dyes were achieved up to 90 %, 88 % and 81 % respectively, in short duration of time. All the three ratios of thione stabilized Ni Nanoparticles showed good degrading performance for all dyes, but 1:2 thione stabilized Ni NPs had shown maximum catalytic performance.
由于纳米颗粒在催化、冶金和高温超导方面的重要作用，多年来一直受到广泛研究。但是，纳米颗粒极其不稳定，容易与其他物质发生反应。因此，为了控制纳米颗粒的尺寸和形状，必须对它们进行稳定化处理。有机配体在稳定纳米颗粒方面受到了更多关注。在本工作中，通过还原法合成了镍纳米颗粒，然后用合成的基于5-苯基三唑烷硫酮的有机配体进行稳定化处理，以获得更大的表面积和良好的催化活性。合成了不同比例的稳定化镍纳米颗粒，以分析它们对染料的催化性能，染料已成为导致严重水污染的最严重环境问题之一。通过紫外可见光谱和红外光谱对制备的硫酮稳定化镍纳米颗粒进行了确认。紫外/可见分析显示在236nm处有峰，这证实了金属镍纳米颗粒的形成，而在傅里叶变换红外光谱中，720-750cm附近的峰是由于镍和硫键的伸缩振动。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析对稳定化镍纳米颗粒的尺寸、表面形貌和质量进行了分析。扫描电子显微镜图像显示形态不均匀，颗粒大小和形状各异。可见较大的表面积，这有利于污染物的催化降解。利用紫外可见光谱研究了降解过程。通过使用各种参数，即时间、纳米颗粒的浓度和尺寸，评估了稳定化纳米颗粒的催化行为。在降解过程中对这些参数进行了优化，以在短时间内获得最大降解率。在短时间内，亚甲基蓝、甲基橙和罗丹明B染料的最大降解率分别达到了90%、88%和81%。硫酮稳定化镍纳米颗粒的所有三种比例对所有染料都表现出良好的降解性能，但1:2硫酮稳定化镍纳米颗粒表现出最大的催化性能。
