Drygała Szymon, Radzikowski Michał, Maciejczyk Mateusz
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
Biochemistry of Civilisation Diseases' Students' Scientific Club at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Dec 20;15:1489657. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1489657. eCollection 2024.
The growing burden of metabolic disorders manifested by hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease presents a significant global health challenge by contributing to cardiovascular diseases and high mortality rates. Β-blockers are among the most widely used drugs in the treatment of hypertension and acute cardiovascular events. In addition to blocking the receptor sites for catecholamines, third-generation β-blockers with associated vasodilating properties, such as carvedilol and nebivolol, provide a broad spectrum of metabolic effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and a favorable impact on glucose and lipid metabolism. This review aims to report the impact of β-blockers on metabolic modulation based on available literature data. We present an overview of β-blockers and their pleiotropic properties, discuss mechanisms by which these drugs affect cellular metabolism and outline the future perspectives. The influence of β-blockers on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, inflammation and oxidative stress is complex and varies depending on the specific β-blocker used, patient population and underlying health conditions. Recent evidence particularly highlights the potential role of vasodilatory and nitric oxide-mediated properties of nebivolol and carvedilol in improving glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism and mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. It suggests that these drugs may be potential therapeutic options for patients with metabolic disorders, extending beyond their primary role in cardiovascular management.
由高血压、2型糖尿病、高脂血症、肥胖症和非酒精性脂肪性肝病所表现出的代谢紊乱负担日益加重，通过引发心血管疾病和高死亡率，对全球健康构成了重大挑战。β受体阻滞剂是治疗高血压和急性心血管事件最广泛使用的药物之一。除了阻断儿茶酚胺的受体位点外，具有相关血管舒张特性的第三代β受体阻滞剂，如卡维地洛和奈必洛尔，还具有广泛的代谢作用，包括抗炎和抗氧化特性以及对葡萄糖和脂质代谢的有利影响。本综述旨在根据现有文献数据报告β受体阻滞剂对代谢调节的影响。我们概述了β受体阻滞剂及其多效性，讨论了这些药物影响细胞代谢的机制，并概述了未来的前景。β受体阻滞剂对葡萄糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性、炎症和氧化应激的影响是复杂的，并且取决于所使用的特定β受体阻滞剂、患者群体和潜在的健康状况。最近的证据特别强调了奈必洛尔和卡维地洛的血管舒张和一氧化氮介导特性在改善血糖控制、胰岛素敏感性和脂质代谢以及减轻氧化应激和炎症方面的潜在作用。这表明这些药物可能是代谢紊乱患者的潜在治疗选择，其作用范围超出了它们在心血管管理中的主要作用。
