Alhelal Abdullah, AlSalem Maedah Salah, Alasmari Faysal Mohammed A, Alqarni Shatha Abdulrahman, Alamri Rahaf Mohammed A, Alshahrani Rahaf Abdullah Ali, Hassan M Alrashdi Afnan, Almalki Abdulwahab, Alenezi Wajd Hussein D, Abdulrahim Noor Mohammed F, Aiyed B Alsofri Ohood
Family Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.
Family Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 4;16(12):e75104. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75104. eCollection 2024 Dec.
The global rise in overweight and obesity among children presents significant health challenges. Schools, as key social environments, can effectively influence children's dietary and physical activity habits due to the substantial time students spend there. School-based interventions can reach nearly all children and impact their environment's sociocultural and policy aspects to promote healthier habits. This literature review summarizes the literature discussing the effectiveness of school-based interventions in preventing childhood obesity, identifies the most effective strategies, and provides evidence-based recommendations for future interventions. In August 2024, a comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify the key studies discussing our topic. We found that school-based interventions that integrate nutritional education and physical activity programs effectively reduce body mass index (BMI) and improve weight status among children. Extensive research and systematic reviews have shown significant reductions in BMI through these comprehensive approaches. Incorporating nutritional education into the school curriculum, with practical lessons and healthy food promotions, positively impacts dietary behaviors. Physical activity programs, such as regular physical education classes and extracurricular sports, are vital for promoting healthy weight status. Parental involvement further enhances these interventions, leading to better outcomes in weight status and energy balance-related behaviors. Policies that promote healthy eating and physical activity within schools, including restricting unhealthy food access and improving physical activity facilities, also reduce BMI and obesity risk among children.
全球儿童超重和肥胖现象的增加带来了重大的健康挑战。学校作为关键的社会环境，由于学生在学校度过大量时间，能够有效影响儿童的饮食和身体活动习惯。基于学校的干预措施可以覆盖几乎所有儿童，并影响其环境的社会文化和政策方面，以促进更健康的习惯。这篇文献综述总结了讨论基于学校的干预措施在预防儿童肥胖方面有效性的文献，确定了最有效的策略，并为未来的干预措施提供了基于证据的建议。2024年8月，我们在PubMed、Scopus和科学网进行了全面检索，以确定讨论我们主题的关键研究。我们发现，将营养教育与体育活动计划相结合的基于学校的干预措施能有效降低儿童的体重指数（BMI）并改善其体重状况。广泛的研究和系统评价表明，通过这些综合方法，BMI有显著降低。将营养教育纳入学校课程，通过实践课程和推广健康食品，对饮食行为有积极影响。体育活动计划，如有规律的体育课和课外活动，对促进健康体重状况至关重要。家长的参与进一步加强了这些干预措施，从而在体重状况和与能量平衡相关的行为方面取得更好的效果。在学校推广健康饮食和体育活动的政策，包括限制不健康食品的获取和改善体育活动设施，也能降低儿童的BMI和肥胖风险。
