Shahapur Sateesh G, Patil Kshitija, Manhas Sakshi, Datta Neetika, Jadhav Premraj, Gupta Seema
Department of Prosthodontics, Al-Ameen Dental College, Vijayapura, IND.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jawahar Medical Foundations Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Dental College, Dhule, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 5;16(12):e75192. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75192. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Dental implants are routinely used to replace missing teeth. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to assess the single-unit implant failure rate over a period of seven years from 2015 to 2021, with a minimum of two years post-implant follow-up. The secondary aim was to identify the risk factors associated with implant failure using machine learning decision tree regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses.
An eight-year retrospective study was conducted using the clinical records of 224 patients who received single-unit dental implants between January 2014 and December 2021, where risk factors for early (EIF) and late implant failure (LIF) were identified. The patients' clinical case records and radiographs were used to assess implant failure.
Smoking and peri-implantitis were principal contributors to failure (p=0.001). Implant failure was more common in males, the maxillary jaw, and posterior teeth, although these factors were not significantly associated with implant failure (p>0.05). The duration of failure was 16.87±4.6 months for LIF, in contrast to 5.71±1.38 months in EIF. Bruxism and peri-implantitis were correlated with diminished survival duration, especially when compounded by additional risk factors such as diabetes mellitus. Isolated peri-implantitis yielded an average failure duration of approximately 13.4 months, whereas bruxism intensified the failure interval to approximately 13.8 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that among the identified causes of failure, peri-implantitis and smoking were the predominant factors, followed by bruxism, diabetes, and complications related to osseointegration.
Age, sex, type of surgical procedure, sinus lift, and grafting procedures were not significantly associated with dental implant failure, whereas bruxism, peri-implantitis, lack of osseointegration, smoking, and type 2 diabetes mellitus were significant predictors.
牙种植体常用于替代缺失牙。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估2015年至2021年期间单颗种植体在至少两年种植后随访的7年时间内的失败率。次要目的是使用机器学习决策树回归和Kaplan-Meier生存分析来确定与种植体失败相关的风险因素。
采用回顾性研究，收集2014年1月至2021年12月期间接受单颗牙种植的224例患者的临床记录，确定早期种植失败（EIF）和晚期种植失败（LIF）的风险因素。患者的临床病例记录和X光片用于评估种植体失败情况。
吸烟和种植体周围炎是导致失败的主要因素（p = 0.001）。种植体失败在男性、上颌骨和后牙中更为常见，尽管这些因素与种植体失败无显著相关性（p>0.05）。LIF的失败持续时间为16.87±4.6个月，而EIF为5.71±1.38个月。磨牙症和种植体周围炎与生存时间缩短相关，尤其是合并糖尿病等其他风险因素时。单纯种植体周围炎的平均失败持续时间约为13.4个月，而磨牙症使失败间隔延长至约13.8个月。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示，在已确定的失败原因中，种植体周围炎和吸烟是主要因素，其次是磨牙症、糖尿病和与骨结合相关的并发症。
年龄、性别、手术类型、上颌窦提升和植骨手术与牙种植体失败无显著相关性，而磨牙症、种植体周围炎、骨结合不足、吸烟和2型糖尿病是显著的预测因素。
