Zhang Qi, Li Yanan, Kroeze Carolien, van de Schans Milou G M, Baartman Jantiene, Yang Jing, Li Shiyang, Xu Wen, Wang Mengru, Ma Lin, Zhang Fusuo, Strokal Maryna
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, China.
Earth Systems and Global Change Group, Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands.
Environ Sci Ecotechnol. 2024 Nov 26;23:100513. doi: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100513. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Antibiotics are extensively used in livestock production to prevent and treat diseases, but their environmental impact through contamination of rivers and groundwater is a growing concern. The specific antibiotics involved, their sources, and their geographic distribution remain inadequately documented, hindering effective mitigation strategies for river and groundwater pollution control caused by livestock production. Here we develope the spatially explicit MARINA-Antibiotics (China-1.0) model to estimate the flows of 24 antibiotics from seven livestock species into rivers and leaching into groundwater across 395 sub-basins in China, and examine changes between 2010 and 2020. We find that 8364 tonnes and 3436 tonnes of antibiotics entered rivers and groundwater nationwide in 2010 and 2020, respectively. Approximately 50-90% of these amounts originated from about 40% of the basin areas. Antibiotic inputs to rivers decreased by 59% from 2010 to 2020, largely due to reduced manure point sources. Conversely, antibiotic leaching into groundwater increased by 15%, primarily because of enhanced manure recycling practices. Pollution varied by antibiotic groups and livestock species: fluoroquinolones contributed approximately 55% to river pollution, mainly from pig, cattle, and chicken manure; sulfonamides accounted for over 90% of antibiotics in groundwater, predominantly from pig and sheep manure. While our findings support existing policies promoting manure recycling to mitigate river pollution in China, they highlight the need for greater attention to groundwater pollution. This aspect is essential to consider in developing and designing future reduction strategies for antibiotic pollution from livestock production.
抗生素在畜牧业生产中被广泛用于预防和治疗疾病，但其通过污染河流和地下水对环境造成的影响日益受到关注。所涉及的具体抗生素、其来源及其地理分布仍记录不足，这阻碍了针对畜牧业生产造成的河流和地下水污染控制制定有效的缓解策略。在此，我们开发了空间明确的MARINA-抗生素（中国-1.0）模型，以估算来自七种牲畜的24种抗生素流入中国395个流域子区域的河流以及渗入地下水的流量，并研究2010年至2020年期间的变化情况。我们发现，2010年和2020年全国分别有8364吨和3436吨抗生素进入河流和地下水。其中约50%-90%的量来自约40%的流域面积。从2010年到2020年，河流中的抗生素输入量减少了59%，主要是由于粪肥点源减少。相反，渗入地下水的抗生素增加了15%，主要原因是粪肥回收利用做法有所增加。不同抗生素类别和牲畜种类造成的污染情况各异：氟喹诺酮类对河流污染的贡献率约为55%，主要来自猪、牛和鸡的粪便；磺胺类占地下水中抗生素的90%以上，主要来自猪和羊的粪便。虽然我们的研究结果支持中国现行的促进粪肥回收利用以减轻河流污染的政策，但它们凸显了对地下水污染需给予更多关注的必要性。在制定和设计未来减少畜牧业生产抗生素污染的策略时，必须考虑这一方面。
