Analysis of the pathogenicity and pathological characteristics of gene-sparing cysteine mutations and models.

BACKGROUND

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is one of the most common inherited cerebral small vessel diseases caused by the NOTCH3 gene mutation. This mutation leads to the accumulation of NOTCH3 extracellular domain protein (NOTCH3) into the cerebral arterioles, causing recurrent stroke, white matter lesions, and cognitive impairment. With the development of gene sequencing technology, cysteine-sparing mutations can also cause CADASIL disease, however, the pathogenicity and pathogenic mechanisms of cysteine-sparing mutations remain controversial.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the pathogenicity and pathological features of cysteine-sparing mutations in both and mouse models.

METHODS

A cysteine-sparing mutant of NOTCH3 R75Q was constructed by lentiviral transfection , and the knock-in mouse model was constructed by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering . A cycloheximide pulse-chase experiment was used to analyze the degradation of NOTCH3 extracellular domain proteins, and the deposition characteristics of NOTCH3 were quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The characteristics of the smooth muscle cells and granular osmiophilic materials were observed using electron microscopy.

RESULTS

We elucidated that the mutation is pathogenic. NOTCH3 R75Q was found to be resistant to protein degradation and more likely to cause abnormal aggregation of NOTCH3, resulting in reduced cell activity . The mouse model showed pathological characteristics of CADASIL, with age-dependent NOTCH3, granular osmiophilic material, and degenerated smooth muscle cells detected in the brain.

CONCLUSION

To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the pathogenicity of cysteine-sparing mutations in both and models. We demonstrate that NOTCH3 induced by mutation has toxic effects on cells and reveal the deposition characteristics of NOTCH3 in the brain. This provides a feasible model and lays the foundation for further studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of cysteine-sparing mutations.