Schwabe Inga, Pelt Dirk H M, Greven Corina U
Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, Tilburg, 5000 LE, The Netherlands.
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Jan 6. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02628-y.
We investigated gene-environment interaction in ADHD traits, focusing on environmental variables related to personality traits, school environment, satisfaction with life, and callousness. Using data from 2170 16-year-old twins and state-of-the-art methodology to prevent spurious findings due to measurement scale artifacts, gene-environment interaction models were estimated separately for the two core ADHD dimensions, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattentiveness. Based on scores on the SWAN questionnaire, where high scores are reflective of low ADHD traits, results showed that additive genetic influences were more important in explaining individual differences in the degree of hyperactivity-impulsivity in twins with a high score on the trait conscientiousness than in twins with a moderate or low score (e.g., a positive gene-environment interaction). Similarly, additive genetic influences were relatively more important in explaining individual differences in the degree of inattentiveness in twins with a high score on conscientiousness or satisfaction with oneself. Lastly, a negative gene-environment interaction was found: For twins with a high score on the trait callousness, additive genetic influences were less important in explaining differences in the degree of inattentiveness than in twins with an average or low score on the trait. The finding of these specific gene-environment interactions is important for a deeper understanding of the etiology of ADHD traits and may assist in developing targeted interventions for genetically vulnerable individuals.
我们研究了注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）特质中的基因-环境相互作用，重点关注与人格特质、学校环境、生活满意度和冷酷无情相关的环境变量。利用来自2170名16岁双胞胎的数据以及最先进的方法来防止因测量尺度伪迹导致的虚假结果，针对ADHD的两个核心维度，即多动冲动和注意力不集中，分别估计了基因-环境相互作用模型。基于SWAN问卷的得分，高分反映低ADHD特质，结果显示，在尽责性特质得分高的双胞胎中，加性遗传影响在解释多动冲动程度的个体差异方面比中度或低分的双胞胎中更重要（例如，存在正向基因-环境相互作用）。同样，在尽责性或自我满意度得分高的双胞胎中，加性遗传影响在解释注意力不集中程度的个体差异方面相对更重要。最后，发现了负向基因-环境相互作用：对于冷酷无情特质得分高的双胞胎，加性遗传影响在解释注意力不集中程度差异方面比该特质平均或低分的双胞胎中更不重要。这些特定基因-环境相互作用的发现对于更深入理解ADHD特质的病因很重要，并且可能有助于为基因易感性个体制定有针对性的干预措施。
