Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (UBneuro), Barcelona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2020 May 6;15(5):e0232470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232470. eCollection 2020.
Certain personality traits and cognitive domains of executive functions (EF) are differentially related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the five-factor model (FFM) personality characteristics in adolescents with ADHD, and to examine whether EF mediate the relationships between FFM personality traits and ADHD symptoms. A comprehensive diagnostic assessment, including ADHD clinical interviews, ADHD rating scales, neuropsychological EF testing (i.e., working memory, flexibility and inhibition) and a personality assessment was carried out in a sample of 118 adolescents (75 ADHD and 43 control participants, 68% males), aged 12 to 16 years, and their parents and teachers. Adolescents with ADHD had lower scores than control participants on Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, and higher scores on Neuroticism. Structural equation models (SEM) showed that Conscientiousness directly influenced inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, while Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Extraversion directly affected hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Only Conscientiousness exerted indirect effects on inattention, but not on hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, via EF; higher scores on Conscientiousness were related to higher scores on EF, which in turn were related to lower scores on inattentive symptoms. These findings corroborate the relationships between ADHD symptoms, FFM personality traits and EF and indicate the mediating effect of EF on the relationship between Conscientiousness and inattention.
某些人格特质和执行功能（EF）的认知领域与青少年的注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状存在差异。本研究旨在分析 ADHD 青少年的五因素模型（FFM）人格特征，并探讨 EF 是否在 FFM 人格特质与 ADHD 症状之间的关系中起中介作用。在一个包括 ADHD 临床访谈、ADHD 评定量表、神经认知 EF 测试（即工作记忆、灵活性和抑制）和人格评估的综合诊断评估中，对 118 名青少年（75 名 ADHD 和 43 名对照组参与者，68%为男性）及其父母和教师进行了研究。年龄在 12 至 16 岁之间。与对照组参与者相比，ADHD 青少年在尽责性和宜人性方面得分较低，而在神经质方面得分较高。结构方程模型（SEM）表明，尽责性直接影响注意力不集中和多动冲动症状，而神经质、宜人性和外向性直接影响多动冲动症状。只有尽责性通过 EF 对注意力不集中产生间接影响，而对多动冲动症状没有影响；尽责性得分越高，EF 得分越高，而注意力不集中症状的得分越低。这些发现证实了 ADHD 症状、FFM 人格特质和 EF 之间的关系，并表明 EF 对尽责性与注意力不集中之间关系的中介作用。
