Immunotherapeutic potentials of carnosol against lipopolysaccharides-induced acute inflammatory reactions in White Swiss albino mice.

Septic shock involves severe systemic inflammatory reaction toward various invading species, such as microorganisms and microbial toxins. Such a response is complicated and characterized as being a dynamic and time-dependent phenomenon. During this response, a significant amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines may be produced, causing a rapid death rate in septic victims and occasionally leading to apoptosis of immune cells within the first hours of septic reaction. In order to ameliorate such septic reaction, intraperitoneal carnosol was studied against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute inflammatory reaction in Swiss albino mice. An intraperitoneal injection of LPS was performed in Swiss albino mice to induce acute inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, intraperitoneal carnosol was administered alone and in combination with intraperitoneal methyl prednisolone to assess the therapeutic potential of intraperitoneal carnosol against LPS- stimulated acute sepsis. Interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, CD28, CD80, CD86, and CTLA-4 were studied as markers of a septic reaction. The current study revealed that intraperitoneal carnosol administration alone and in combination with intraperitoneal methylprednisolone significantly reduced serum levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12 serum levels in LPS-induced acute inflammation in mice. Moreover, in the presented study the administration of carnosol via intraperitoneal route produced significant reduction in the serum levels of inflammatory markers. Serum levels of each of CD28, CD86, and CTLA-4 was significantly abolished, while CD80 serum levels was not. In conclusion, accordingly carnosol may offer new therapeutic options to ameliorate acute inflammatory reactions. In addition, combined regimen of both carnosol and methylprednisolone could offer additive anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, combined carnosol and methylprednisolone therapy may help to permit a reduction in the methylprednisolone dose to reduce the systemic adverse drug reaction toward corticosteroids (methylprednisolone) therapy. Carnosol may offer a therapeutic role in modifying septic inflammatory reactions, suggesting its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation properties.