Talukdar Rounik, Ajayan Revathy, Gupta Shefali, Biswas Sombuddha, Parveen Muneera, Sadhukhan Debobrata, Sinha Anju Pradhan, Parameswaran Sreejith
ICMR-Cochrane Affiliate Centre, Division of Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research Headquarters, New Delhi, India.
Independent Researcher, Kottayam, India.
Nephrology (Carlton). 2025 Jan;30(1):e14420. doi: 10.1111/nep.14420.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence varies widely across different regions of India. We aimed to identify the status of CKD in India, by systematically reviewing the published community-based studies between the period of January 2011 to December 2023. PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched for peer-reviewed evidence. Records identified for full-text screening were imported into the Litmaps literature review tool to identify more relevant studies. Two researchers independently examined and retrieved the data. Quality assessment was conducted using the JBI tool for prevalence studies. A random effects model pooled the estimates. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis explored heterogeneity sources and estimated robustness. Publication bias was assessed with a DOI plot and LFK index. Among the 7062 records identified, 18 studies were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of CKD from community-based studies in India was 13.24% (confidence intervals (CI) 10.52 to 16.22, I 99%, p < 0.001). CKD prevalence among men was 14.80%, while among women it was 13.51%. Southern administrative zone had a pooled CKD prevalence of 14.78%. Pooled CKD prevalence was higher in studies from rural areas (15.34%) compared to those from urban areas (10.65%). Significant heterogeneity was found. Subgroup analyses based on sampling strategy, quality score, publication year, and eGFR estimation equation showed no effect on the pooled prevalence. Prediction Intervals confirmed CKD prevalence in India in future studies will fall between 2.64% and 30.17%. This review indicates a rising trend of CKD (from 11.12% during the period 2011 to 2017, to 16.38% between 2018 to 2023) among Indians aged 15 years and above, over the past years. More future regional research is needed to tailor-make CKD interventions to detect early and manage well.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）在印度不同地区的患病率差异很大。我们旨在通过系统回顾2011年1月至2023年12月期间发表的基于社区的研究，来确定印度慢性肾脏病的现状。我们在PubMed、Scopus和EMBASE中检索同行评审的证据。将确定进行全文筛选的记录导入Litmaps文献综述工具，以识别更多相关研究。两名研究人员独立检查并检索数据。使用JBI患病率研究工具进行质量评估。采用随机效应模型汇总估计值。亚组分析、meta回归和敏感性分析探索异质性来源并估计稳健性。使用DOI图和LFK指数评估发表偏倚。在识别出的7062条记录中，本综述纳入了18项研究。印度基于社区的研究中慢性肾脏病的汇总患病率为13.24%（置信区间（CI）为10.52至16.22，I² = 99%，p < 0.001）。男性慢性肾脏病患病率为14.80%，而女性为13.51%。南部行政区慢性肾脏病汇总患病率为14.78%。与城市地区（10.65%）的研究相比，农村地区研究的慢性肾脏病汇总患病率更高（15.34%）。发现存在显著异质性。基于抽样策略、质量评分、发表年份和估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）方程的亚组分析对汇总患病率无影响。预测区间证实，在未来研究中，印度慢性肾脏病患病率将在2.64%至30.17%之间。本综述表明，在过去几年中，印度15岁及以上人群中慢性肾脏病呈上升趋势（从2011年至2017年期间的11.12%，升至2018年至2023年期间的16.38%）。未来需要开展更多的地区性研究，以定制慢性肾脏病干预措施，实现早期检测和良好管理。
