Aarli J A, Vaernes R, Brubakk A O, Nyland H, Skeidsvoll H, Tønjum S
Acta Neurol Scand. 1985 Jan;71(1):2-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1985.tb03159.x.
A group of 23 professional divers was investigated before and after dives to 300 and 350 metres of sea water. 12 divers were also studied during the actual dive. All divers presented neurological symptoms and signs during compression. Intention tremor, ataxia, motor weakness, sensory symptoms, vertigo, nausea and reduced memory were the most prominent features of the High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS). There were considerable individual differences. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological investigations performed after one dive showed no significant changes in any of the divers, while there was a clear-cut impairment in a group of 6 divers who had performed 2 dives 3 months apart. These changes indicate that there may be pressure-induced brain dysfunction which persists for a transient post-dive period. Loss of short-term memory is a prominent part of this dysfunction. Transitory neurological signs indicating focal cerebral dysfunction were found immediately post-dive in 4 divers, presumably reflecting the unmasking of pre-existing subclinical minimal CNS lesions.
一组23名职业潜水员在潜入300米和350米海水前后接受了调查。12名潜水员在实际潜水过程中也接受了研究。所有潜水员在加压过程中均出现神经症状和体征。意向性震颤、共济失调、运动无力、感觉症状、眩晕、恶心和记忆力减退是高压神经综合征（HPNS）最突出的特征。个体差异相当大。一次潜水后进行的神经心理学和神经生理学调查显示，所有潜水员均无明显变化，而在一组间隔3个月进行了两次潜水的6名潜水员中，出现了明显的损伤。这些变化表明，可能存在压力诱导的脑功能障碍，这种障碍在潜水后的短暂时期内持续存在。短期记忆丧失是这种功能障碍的一个突出部分。4名潜水员在潜水后立即出现提示局灶性脑功能障碍的短暂神经体征，推测这反映了先前存在的亚临床轻微中枢神经系统病变被暴露出来。
